背景:针对由灵芝引起的基茎腐烂的油棕抗性育种具有挑战性且耗时。高级油棕基因库非常有限,因此,假定父母的手掌经历了遗传漂移并失去了对灵芝的抗性基因。应制定高通量选择标准。使用1H核磁共振(NMR)光谱进行代谢组学分析很容易,并且所得的代谢物可以用作诊断工具,用于检测各种宿主-病原体组合中的疾病。
目的:本研究的目的是使用1HNMR分析鉴定对灵芝和中度耐药DxP具有不同抗性水平的Dura(D)和Pisifera(P)亲本手掌中代谢物的变化。
方法:七种不同油棕类别的叶组织,包括:抗性,中度,和易感Dura(D);中度和易感Pisifera(P);抗性Tenera/Pisifera(T/P)亲本手掌;和中度抗性DxP品种后代,取样并使用NMR光谱法测定其代谢物。
结果:确定了29种代谢物,大部分代谢产物落在单糖中,氨基酸,和脂肪酸化合物类。PCA,PLS-DA,和热图多变量分析表明,根据其代谢物确定了两组耐药性。第一组由抗性T/P组成,中等P,抗性D,和中等抗性DxP。相比之下,第二组包括易感P,中度D,OPLS-DA检测到甘油和抗坏血酸作为生物标志物候选物,以区分中度抗性DxP与易感D和P。丝氨酸,苏氨酸代谢和牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢参与了油棕对灵芝的防御机制。
结论:使用1HNMR进行的代谢组学研究能够描述能够区分油棕对G.boninense引起的基础茎腐烂(BSR)的抗性特征的代谢物组成。这项研究中揭示的这些代谢物具有巨大的潜力,可以成为培育具有更高BSR抗性的新油棕品种的支持工具。
BACKGROUND: Breeding for oil palm resistance against basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense is challenging and time-consuming. Advanced oil palm gene pools are very limited, hence it is assumed that parental palms have experienced genetic drift and lost their resistance genes against Ganoderma. High-throughput selection criteria should be developed. Metabolomic analysis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is easy, and the resulting metabolite can be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting disease in various host-pathogen combinations.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify metabolite variations in Dura (D) and Pisifera (P) parental palms with different resistance levels against Ganoderma and moderately resistant DxP using 1H NMR analysis.
METHODS: Leaf tissues of seven different oil palm categories consisting of: resistant, moderate, and susceptible Dura (D); moderate and susceptible Pisifera (P); resistant Tenera/Pisifera (T/P) parental palms; and moderately resistant DxP variety progenies, were sampled and their metabolites were determined using NMR spectroscopy.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine types of metabolites were identified, and most of the metabolites fall in the monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids compound classes. The PCA, PLS-DA, and heatmap multivariate analysis indicated two identified groups of resistance based on their metabolites. The first group consisted of resistant T/P, moderate P, resistant D, and moderately resistant DxP. In contrast, the second group consisted of susceptible P, moderate D, and susceptible D. Glycerol and ascorbic acid were detected as biomarker candidates by OPLS-DA to differentiate moderately resistant DxP from susceptible D and P. The pathway analysis suggested that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were involved in the oil palm defense mechanism against Ganoderma.
CONCLUSIONS: A metabolomic study with 1H NMR was able to describe the metabolite composition that could differentiate the characteristics of oil palm resistance against basal stem rot (BSR) caused by G. boninense. These metabolites revealed in this study have enormous potential to become support tools for breeding new oil palm varieties with higher resistance against BSR.