目的:最近在Pan和Gorilla中发现了距骨关节形态相对于运动的差异。距骨内部的全骨形态,和共享的变化,潘和大猩猩(亚)种,然而,还有待调查.在这里,我们分别分析了Pan内的距骨外部形状(P.t.滑鼠,P.t.schweinfurthii,P.t.verus,P.paniscus)和大猩猩(G.g.大猩猩,G.B.贝林盖,G.b.graueri)相对于人工合成程度和体型。另外一起分析Pan和Gorilla,以确定属内是否存在一致的形状差异。
方法:使用加权球谐分析对Talar外形进行定量。使用主成分分析描述了Pan和Gorilla内部和之间的形状变化。计算分类单元平均值之间的均方根距离,并对统计数据进行重抽样,以检验成对差异。
结果:P.t.由更不对称的滑车轮缘和内侧固定的距骨头驱动,verus(大多数树栖Pan)距骨形状与其他Pan分类单元显着不同(成对比较p<0.05)。P.t.滑鼠,P.t.schweinfurthii,和P。paniscus没有显着差异(成对比较p>0.05)。所有大猩猩类群都表现出明显不同的距骨形态(成对比较p<0.007)。P.beringei和P.troglodytes的更多陆地亚种表现出超低矮的距骨头/颈复合体。
结论:P.t.verus表现出距骨形态,这些形态以前与更频繁的树栖动物有关。更多陆地的贝林盖和P.troglodytes亚种的适应可能有助于促进负荷传递。
Differences in talar articular morphology relative to locomotion have recently been found within Pan and Gorilla. Whole-bone talar morphology within, and shared variation among, Pan and Gorilla (sub)species, however, has yet to be investigated. Here we separately analyze talar external shape within Pan (P. t. troglodytes, P. t. schweinfurthii, P. t. verus, P. paniscus) and Gorilla (G. g. gorilla, G. b. beringei, G. b. graueri) relative to degree of
arboreality and body size. Pan and Gorilla are additionally analyzed together to determine if consistent shape differences exist within the genera.
Talar external shape was quantified using a weighted spherical harmonic analysis. Shape variation both within and among Pan and Gorilla was described using principal component analyses. Root mean square distances were calculated between taxon averages, and resampling statistics conducted to test for pairwise differences.
P. t. verus (most arboreal Pan) talar shape significantly differs from other Pan taxa (p < 0.05 for pairwise comparisons) driven by more asymmetrical trochlear rims and a medially-set talar head. P. t. troglodytes, P. t. schweinfurthii, and P. paniscus do not significantly differ (p > 0.05 for pairwise comparisons). All gorilla taxa exhibit significantly different talar morphologies (p < 0.007 for pairwise comparisons). The more terrestrial subspecies of G. beringei and P. troglodytes exhibit a superoinferiorly taller talar head/neck complex.
P. t. verus exhibits talar morphologies that have been previously related to more frequent
arboreality. The adaptations in the more terrestrial G. beringei and P. troglodytes subspecies may serve to facilitate load transmission.