蜂窝成分非常复杂,含蜂蜜,蜂王浆,花粉,和蜂胶,因此含有大量的生物活性成分,如多酚和类黄酮。近年来,蜂巢作为一种新型的功能性食品资源受到了众多蜂产品公司的青睐,但是缺乏对蜂窝的基础研究。这项研究的目的是揭示A.cerana蜂窝(ACC)和A.mellifera蜂窝(AMC)之间的化学差异。在本文中,采用固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)技术研究了ACC和AMC的挥发性有机成分(VOCs)。在10个蜂窝中总共鉴定出114种VOC。此外,主成分分析(PCA)显示ACC和AMC的化学成分不同。此外,正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)揭示了苯甲醛,octanal,柠檬烯,新烯,芳樟醇,α-松油醇,和癸醛是AMC提取物中重要的挥发性有机化合物,主要来自蜂胶。OPLS-DA模型还鉴定了2-苯基乙醇,乙酸苯乙酯,异佛尔酮,4-氧代异佛尔酮,Betula,乙酸乙酯,棕榈酸乙酯,和二氢氧磷酮作为ACC的潜在鉴别标记,这可能有助于保护蜂巢免受微生物侵害并保持清洁。
The honeycomb composition is very complex, containing honey, royal jelly, pollen, and propolis, and thus contains a large number of bioactive ingredients, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. In recent years, honeycomb as a new functional food resource has been favored by many bee product companies, but the basic research on honeycomb is lacking. The aim of this study is to reveal the chemical differences between A. cerana honeycombs (ACC) and A. mellifera honeycombs (AMC). In this paper, we studied the volatile organic components (VOCs) of ACC and AMC by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). A total of 114 VOCs were identified in 10 honeycombs. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the chemical composition of ACC and AMC were different. Additionally, orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that benzaldehyde, octanal, limonene, ocimene, linalool, α-terpineol, and decanal are the significant VOCs in AMC extracts, which are mainly derived from propolis. OPLS-DA model also identified 2-phenylethanol, phenethyl acetate, isophorone, 4-oxoisophorone, betula, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl palmitate, and dihydrooxophorone as potential discriminatory markers of ACC, which likely contribute to protecting the hive against microorganisms and keep it clean.