亚单位疫苗由于其安全性和有效性而变得越来越重要。然而,亚单位疫苗通常表现出有限的免疫原性,需要使用合适的佐剂来引发强烈的免疫应答。在这项研究中,我们首次证明了病原菌可以制备成纯化的肽聚糖骨架,而不需要核酸和蛋白质,提呈细菌样颗粒(PBLP)。我们的结果表明,从四种病原体中筛选的肽聚糖骨架可以比巨噬细胞中乳酸乳球菌的类细菌颗粒更好地激活Toll样受体1/2受体。我们观察到pBLP在多个年龄的小鼠模型中是安全的。此外,pBLP改善了两种商业疫苗在体内的性能。我们证实pBLP成功地将抗原加载到表面上,并被证明是一种有效的抗原递送平台,具有增强的抗体滴度,抗体亲和力,平衡子类分布,和粘膜免疫。这些结果表明,病原菌的肽聚糖骨架代表了开发亚单位疫苗递送系统的新策略。
Subunit vaccines are becoming increasingly important because of their safety and effectiveness. However, subunit vaccines often exhibit limited immunogenicity, necessitating the use of suitable adjuvants to elicit robust immune responses. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that pathogenic bacteria can be prepared into a purified peptidoglycan skeleton without nucleic acids and proteins, presenting bacterium-like particles (pBLP). Our results showed that the peptidoglycan skeletons screened from four pathogens could activate Toll-like receptor1/2 receptors better than bacterium-like particles from Lactococcus lactis in macrophages. We observed that pBLP was safe in mouse models of multiple ages. Furthermore, pBLP improved the performance of two commercial vaccines in vivo. We confirmed that pBLP successfully loaded antigens onto the surface and proved to be an effective antigen delivery platform with enhanced antibody titers, antibody avidity, balanced subclass distribution, and mucosal immunity. These results indicate that the peptidoglycan skeleton of pathogenic bacteria represents a new strategy for developing subunit vaccine delivery systems.