山竹以其神经保护和改善记忆的作用而闻名。A.O70粗多糖可显着改善阿尔茨海默病小鼠的神经炎症和认知功能障碍。本研究旨在探讨AO70的生物活性成分及其作用机制。从AO70中纯化出富含阿拉伯糖和木糖的均质多糖(AOP70-1),该多糖由α-L-Araf-(1→,→5)-α-L-阿拉夫-(1→,β-D-Xylp-(1→,→2,4)-β-D-木酰基-(1→,→2,3,4)-β-D-木糖-(1→,α-L-Rhap-(1→,α-D-Manp-(1→,→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→,→4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→,β-D-Galp-(1→,→2)-α-D-Galp-(1→,→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→和→3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→。AOP70-1(2.5,5,10μM)显著抑制NO,IL-1β,和TNF-α的产生呈浓度依赖性,并抑制BV2小胶质细胞向正常水平的迁移。AOP70-1抑制LPS介导的Toll样受体4(TLR4)的激活,髓样分化初级反应蛋白(MyD88),核因子κB(NF-κB)。此外,AOP70-1通过减少神经元凋亡对SH-SY5Y细胞和原代神经元发挥神经保护作用(72%,44%),缓解ROS积累(63%,55%),并改善线粒体膜电位(63%,77%)。总的来说,AOP70-1是龙舌兰AO70中的主要生物活性成分之一,在预防和治疗神经炎症方面具有巨大潜力。
Alpinia oxyphylla is famous for its neuroprotective and memory-improving effects. A crude polysaccharide AO70 from A. oxyphylla remarkably ameliorated neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer\'s disease mice. This study aimed to explore the bioactive component of AO70 and its mechanism of action. A homogeneous polysaccharide (AOP70-1) rich in arabinose and xylose was purified from AO70, which was consisted of α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, β-D-Xylp-(1→,→2,4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, →2,3,4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, α-L-Rhap-(1→, α-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→, →2)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → and →3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1 →. AOP70-1 (2.5, 5, 10 μM) significantly suppressed NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited the migration of BV2 microglia. AOP70-1 inhibited LPS-mediated activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, AOP70-1 exerted neuroprotection on SH-SY5Y cells and primary neurons by reducing neuronal apoptosis (72 %, 44 %), alleviating ROS accumulation (63 %, 55 %), and improving mitochondrial membrane potential (63 %, 77 %). Overall, AOP70-1 is one of the major bioactive components in AO70 from A. oxyphylla, which has great potential in the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation.