多药耐药(MDR)细菌分离株在低收入和中等收入国家的传播,包括几个非洲国家,是一个主要问题。在某些地区观察到的农村和城市家庭的卫生条件差可能有利于细菌感染在动物和人类之间的传播,包括对几乎所有可用抗生素具有抗性的菌株所促进的那些。在安哥拉,特别是,已经描述了这些菌株在人类医院中的存在。然而,关于安哥拉抗菌素耐药性(AMR)流行的信息仍然很少,特别是关于兽医隔离。这篇综述旨在综合非洲国家抗菌素耐药性的数据,特别关注安哥拉,从一个健康的角度来看。主要目标是确定可能需要进一步分析的研究差距,并提请注意有意识地使用抗微生物药物和制定预防战略的重要性,旨在保障公众健康。为了理解这些问题,综述了有关非洲AMR的现有文献。我们在PubMed中搜索了安哥拉和其他非洲国家相关病原体中与AMR相关的文章。在这次审查中,我们专注于AMR率和监测能力。主要发现是,在非洲,特别是在撒哈拉以南的国家,由于缺乏关于抗生素的立法,AMR发病率很高,人类与动物和环境的密切互动,和贫困。关于常见致病菌的当前耐药模式的信息很少,在安哥拉和其他一些撒哈拉以南非洲国家,高质量研究的数量有限。此外,针对环境的“一种健康方法”的研究,动物,和人类,在非洲稀缺。监视能力很小,并且仅实施了少量的AMR监测计划和国家卫生计划。大多数国际合作监测项目,当实施时,没有得到适当的遵循,结论,也没有报告。在安哥拉,国家卫生计划不包括AMR控制,并且一直遗漏了提交给国际监测计划的数据。通过确定每个国家的一种健康优势,AMR可以通过多部门方法和政府承诺来控制。
The dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates in low- and middle-income countries, including several African countries, is a major concern. The poor sanitary conditions of rural and urban families observed in certain regions may favor the transmission of bacterial infections between animals and humans, including those promoted by strains resistant to practically all available antibiotics. In
Angola, in particular, the presence of these strains in human hospitals has already been described. Nevertheless, the information on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence in
Angola is still scarce, especially regarding veterinary isolates. This review aimed to synthesize data on antimicrobial resistance in African countries, with a special focus on
Angola, from a One Health perspective. The main goals were to identify research gaps that may require further analysis, and to draw attention to the importance of the conscious use of antimicrobials and the establishment of preventive strategies, aiming to guarantee the safeguarding of public health. To understand these issues, the available literature on AMR in Africa was reviewed. We searched PubMed for articles pertinent to AMR in relevant pathogens in
Angola and other African countries. In this review, we focused on AMR rates and surveillance capacity. The principal findings were that, in Africa, especially in sub-Saharan countries, AMR incidence is high due to the lack of legislation on antibiotics, to the close interaction of humans with animals and the environment, and to poverty. The information about current resistance patterns of common pathogenic bacteria is sparse, and the number of quality studies is limited in Angola and in some other Sub-Saharan African countries. Also, studies on the \"One Health Approach\" focusing on the environment, animals, and humans, are scarce in Africa. The surveillance capacity is minimal, and only a low number of AMR surveillance programs and national health programs are implemented. Most international and cooperative surveillance programs, when implemented, are not properly followed, concluded, nor reported. In
Angola, the national health plan does not include AMR control, and there is a consistent omission of data submitted to international surveillance programs. By identifying One Health strengths of each country, AMR can be controlled with a multisectoral approach and governmental commitment.