OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to generate deep learning-based regions of interest (ROIs) from equilibrium radionuclide angiography datasets for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurement.
METHODS: Manually drawn ROIs (mROIs) on end-systolic and end-diastolic images were extracted from reports in a Picture Archiving and Communications System. To reduce observer variability, preprocessed ROIs (pROIs) were delineated using a 41% threshold of the maximal pixel counts of the extracted mROIs and were labeled as ground-truth. Background ROIs were automatically created using an algorithm to identify areas with minimum counts within specified probability areas around the end-systolic ROI. A 2-dimensional U-Net convolutional neural network architecture was trained to generate deep learning-based ROIs (dlROIs) from pROIs. The model\'s performance was evaluated using Lin\'s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Bland-Altman plots were used to assess bias and 95% limits of agreement.
RESULTS: A total of 41,462 scans (19,309 patients) were included. Strong concordance was found between LVEF measurements from dlROIs and pROIs (CCC = 85.6%; 95% confidence interval, 85.4%-85.9%), and between LVEF measurements from dlROIs and mROIs (CCC = 86.1%; 95% confidence interval, 85.8%-86.3%). In the Bland-Altman analysis, the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement of the LVEF measurements were -0.6% and -6.6% to 5.3%, respectively, for dlROIs and pROIs, and -0.4% and -6.3% to 5.4% for dlROIs and mROIs, respectively. In 37,537 scans (91%), the absolute LVEF difference between dlROIs and mROIs was <5%.
CONCLUSIONS: Our 2-dimensional U-Net convolutional neural network architecture showed excellent performance in generating LV ROIs from equilibrium radionuclide angiography scans. It may enhance the convenience and reproducibility of LVEF measurements.

The past five decades have seen significant developments in the knowledge and practice of interventional radiology. Advancements in angiographic equipment have made interventional radiology a safe, minimally invasive preferred option in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Today, a range of catheters are available in the armamentarium of the interventional radiologist to suit different needs when conducting diagnostic angiograms or performing interventions in various vascular territories. The hardware required for interventions includes needles, wires, catheters, balloons, and stents. Catheters, in particular, are an invaluable tool for interventionists. The purpose of this review is to describe the identification characteristics, properties, and uses of the common angiographic catheters used in interventional radiology, with a special focus on peripheral vascular interventions (excluding neurointerventions).

暂无摘要。

IL-10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are the important anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively, which may participate in the cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Additionally, environmental factors, such as the X-ray, can modulate cytokine expression. Due to the fact that X-ray is used during angiography, hence, angiography may alter expression of the cytokines.
OBJECTIVE: Accordingly, this project was aimed to assess IL-10 and IFN-γ serum levels within cardiovascular patients (with and without vessel stenosis) versus healthy controls and also the effects of angiography on the serum levels of the cytokines.
METHODS: This study was performed on the 80 participants, including twenty cases in each group (healthy controls and cardiovascular patients without vessel stenosis, stenosis of 1 vessel and stenosis of more than 1 vessel) to evaluate IL-10 and IFN-γ serum levels using ELISA technique. The IL-10 and IFN-γ serum levels also compared within group 2, 3 and 4 before and after angiography to explore the effects of the technique on the IL-10 and IFN-γ serum levels.
RESULTS: IL-10, but not IFN-γ, serum levels were higher in the healthy controls than all cardiovascular patients. IL-10 and IFN-γ serum levels were not altered after angiography and also were not differ in the smoker versus non- smoker and opium consuming versus non-opium consuming participants.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to the results it may be concluded that IL-10 can be considered as a plausible inhibitor of cardio- vascular diseases independent of angiography duration and X-ray, however, IFN-γ has no effects in the Iranian patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases.
Interley̆kin-10 (IL-10) ta interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ie vazhlyvymy, vidpovidno, proty- ta prozapal\'nymy tsy- tokinamy, iaki mozhut\' braty uchast\' u patogenezi sertsevo-sudynnykh zakhvoriuvan\'. Krim togo, faktory navkolysh- n\'ogo seredovyshcha – taki, iak rentgenivs\'ke vyprominiuvannia – zdatni moduliuvaty ekspresiiu tsytokiniv. Cherez te, shcho rentgenivs\'ke vyprominiuvannia vykorystovuiet\'sia pry angiografiï, tsia protsedura, mozhlyvo, zminiuie ekspresiiu tsytokiniv.Meta. Otsinyty rivni IL-10 ta IFN-γ syrovatky krovi u patsiientiv iz sertsevo-sudynnymy zakhvoriuvanniamy (u iakykh naiavnyy̆ abo zh vidsutniy̆ stenoz sudyn) porivniano zi zdorovymy kontroliamy, a takozh efekty angiografiï shchodo vmistu tsytokiniv u syrovattsi krovi.Materialy ta metody. Doslidzhennia bulo provedeno sered 80 uchasnykiv – po 20 vypadkiv u kozhniy̆ grupi (zdo- rovi kontroli ta osoby iz sertsevo-sudynnymy zakhvoriuvanniamy bez stenozu sudyn, iz stenozom 1 sudyny ta ste- nozom bil\'sh nizh 1 sudyny) dlia otsinky rivniv IL-10 ta IFN-γ u syrovattsi krovi za dopomogoiu metodu imunofer- mentnogo analizu. Dlia z’iasuvannia vplyvu protsedury angiografiï na riven\' IL-10 ta IFN-γ u syrovattsi krovi, vmist obokh tsytokiniv takozh porivniuvaly u grupakh 2, 3 ta 4 do ta pislia angiografichnogo doslidzhennia. Rezul\'taty. Riven\' IL-10, ale ne IFN-γ, u syrovattsi krovi zdorovykh osib grupy kontroliu buv bil\'shym, nizh u vsikh patsiientiv iz sertsevo-sudynnymy zakhvoriuvanniamy. Riven\' IL-10 ta IFN-γ u syrovattsi krovi ne zminiuvavsia pislia angiografiï, a takozh ne vidrizniavsia u kurtsiv ta osib, iaki ne kuriat\', tak samo iak i u spozhyvachiv opiiu ta osib, iaki opiy̆ ne vzhyvaiut\'.Vysnovky. Zavdiaky rezul\'tatam mozhna zrobyty vysnovok, shcho IL-10 mozhna y̆movirno vvazhaty ingibitorom ser- tsevo-sudynnykh zakhvoriuvan\', nezalezhno vid tryvalosti angiografiï ta rentgenografiï, v toy̆ chas iak IFN-γ ne pro- iavliaie efektiv u irans\'kykh patsiientiv, iaki strazhdaiut\' na sertsevo-sudynni zakhvoriuvannia.

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a transforming growth factor β superfamily member with a controversial role in rejuvenating old stem cells after acute injury in the elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) on GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of senescent late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), defined as VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells, in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We compared the quantity and capabilities of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells from old (>60 years), middle-aged (45-60 years), and young (<45 years) AMI patients. The decline in circulating count and survival of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells with age was accompanied by decrease in their TERT and GDF11 expression levels in patients with AMI. Further, upregulation of TERT could trigger GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells by renewing their survival and angiogenic abilities through activation of canonical (Smad2/3) and noncanonical (eNOS) signaling pathways. Depletion of GDF11 or TERT caused senescence of young VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells leading to impaired vascular function and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, whereas adTERT and rhGDF11 rescued this senescence. TERT cooperates with GDF11 to enhance regenerative capabilities of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells. When combined with TERT, GDF11 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of elderly patients with MI.

暂无摘要。

Previous studies reported a controversial left ventricular (LV) function impairment and pathophysiology in patients with coronary slow flow (CSF). Greater arterial load has been shown to increase aortic impedance and endothelial shear stress, potentially affecting coronary anatomy and function. We investigated LV systolic function by a new layer-specific strain technology and assessed the association between pulsatile arterial load and contractility.A total of 70 patients with CSF and 50 controls with normal coronary angiography were included in the study. Layer-specific longitudinal and circumferential strains were assessed from endocardium, mid-myocardium, and epicardium (global longitudinal strain (GLS)-endo, GLS-mid, GLS-epi and GCS-endo, GCS-mid, GCS-epi) by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI). Pulsatile arterial load was estimated by indexed arterial compliance (ACI). Layer-specific GLS showed a decreasing gradient from the endocardium to the epicardium in both the controls and CSF group. GLS-endo and GLS-mid in the CSF group were significantly lower than the control group (all P < 0.05). Layer-specific longitudinal strain showed a good correlation with the number of affected coronary arteries (all P < 0.05) and the mean thrombolysis in the myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) (all P < 0.05). ACI was lower in patients with CSF (P = 0.005), and ACI was correlated negatively with layer-specific GLS (all P < 0.05).Layer-specific evaluation of the LV provides an understanding of the layer-specific properties of the LV wall and the possible process of the LV impairment in patients with CSF. Greater pulsatile arterial load, as manifested by a lower ACI, is coupled with worse LV longitudinal function in patients with CSF.

IntroductionDiagnostic and interventional catheter angiography of the heart is frequently used in paediatric cardiology. It is also possible to detect urinary system anomalies with cineurography images that may be obtained during angiocardiography. In this study, the aim was to determine the frequency, distribution, and properties of urinary system anomalies accompanying heart diseases, and to find out the effectiveness of cineurographic images in detecting the urinary system anomalies.
METHODS: The cineurographic images of 2022 children who had undergone angiocardiography between 1995 and 2015 were retrospectively examined.
RESULTS: Urinary system anomalies were detected in 261 of the 2022 cases (12.9%). Of these 261 cases, 148 were males (56.7%), whereas 113 were females (43.3%). Among the heart diseases, the group most accompanied by urinary system anomalies was the non-cyanotic left-to-right shunted heart diseases, which was detected in 120 (39.1%) patients. Pelvicalyceal ectasia was the most common urinary system anomaly encountered and was detected in 89 patients (34.1%). Of the urinary system anomalies cases, 94 detected by cineurography were determined to be clinically severe. When the effectiveness of the cineurography was evaluated using the ultrasonography records of the patients, it was found to have 63.8% accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS: Many of the patients with CHDs concomitantly have urinary system anomalies. It is possible to determine asymptomatic urinary system anomalies using cineurographic imaging during angiocardiography. This may lead to earlier treatments and improved prognosis for the patients, thus making it possible to prevent potential future problems.

Advances in the medical and surgical management of Tetralogy of Fallot have led to marked increase of the number and age of survivors. Imaging in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and follow up, and essentially guides management and intervention in this entity. This study systematically reviews the imaging modalities used in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot in the evaluation of preoperative and postoperative anatomic and hemodynamic lesions, as well as disease progression in this diagnosis. Various invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities, most commonly echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance, computed tomography and angiocardiography provide the imaging information required for diagnosis, management and follow up in Tetralogy of Fallot. The choice of the appropriate imaging tool or their combination is guided by the clinical question, the patient\'s clinical condition and contraindications as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each imaging modality. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common complex congenital heart disease with long term survivors that need close follow up and complicated management, including multiple surgical and transcatheter interventions. Knowledge of the role and protocols of imaging in Tetralogy of Fallot is extremely important for the clinical as well as the imaging physician in order to optimize patients\' management and long-term prognosis.

We report a case of a 50-year-old man with intractable hypotension, which led to ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and myocardial injury due to relative myocardial ischemia as a result of a disulfiram-ethanol reaction. This is the first report that assessed cardiac function during hypotension and ischemic ECG changes by emergency coronary angiography, left ventriculography, and right heart catheterization. This case indicates that disulfiram potentially has fatal side effects due to a disulfiram-ethanol reaction.