背景:了解人类大脑的解剖结构,小脑,脑干和它们的三维(3D)关系对于神经外科手术至关重要。尽管尸体大脑的3D摄影测量模型和死后脑切片的二维图像是可用的,神经外科医生无法免费获得大脑横截面解剖的3D模型,小脑,以及可以在增强现实(AR)和虚拟现实(VR)中进行模拟的脑干。
目的:从2维图像创建3D模型和AR/VR模拟大脑的横截面解剖尸体标本,小脑,和脑干。
方法:使用Klingler方法制备3个尸体标本,用于轴向解剖,矢状,和日冕平面。然后使用360°摄影测量法创建了一系列3D模型和AR/VR模拟。
结果:大脑横截面解剖的高分辨率3D模型,小脑,获得脑干并用于创建AR/VR模拟。十一轴向,9矢状,并创建了7个冠状三维模型。这些切片计划显示重要的深层解剖结构。这些模型可以自由旋转,投射到任何表面上,从各个角度来看,并以各种放大倍数进行检查。
结论:据我们所知,这项详细的研究是第一个结合最新技术(摄影测量,AR,和VR)用于整个人类大脑的横截面解剖结构的高分辨率3D可视化,小脑,和脑干。产生的3D图像可免费供医学专业人员和学生使用,以更好地理解深部和浅表脑解剖的3D关系。
Understanding the anatomy of the human cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem and their 3-dimensional (3D) relationships is critical for neurosurgery. Although 3D photogrammetric models of cadaver brains and 2-dimensional images of postmortem brain slices are available, neurosurgeons lack free access to 3D models of cross-sectional anatomy of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem that can be simulated in both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).
To create 3D models and AR/VR simulations from 2-dimensional images of cross-sectionally dissected cadaveric specimens of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The Klingler method was used to prepare 3 cadaveric specimens for dissection in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. A series of 3D models and AR/VR simulations were then created using 360° photogrammetry.
High-resolution 3D models of cross-sectional anatomy of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem were obtained and used in creating AR/VR simulations. Eleven axial, 9 sagittal, and 7 coronal 3D models were created. The sections were planned to show important deep anatomic structures. These models can be freely rotated, projected onto any surface, viewed from all angles, and examined at various magnifications.
To our knowledge, this detailed study is the first to combine up-to-date technologies (photogrammetry, AR, and VR) for high-resolution 3D visualization of the cross-sectional anatomy of the entire human cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The resulting 3D images are freely available for use by medical professionals and students for better comprehension of the 3D relationship of the deep and superficial brain anatomy.