背景:蜱传病原体(TBP)对公众和动物健康构成了新的威胁,尤其是在非洲大陆,土地利用发生变化的地方,野生动物的丧失为疾病传播创造了新的机会。以蜱为重点的TBP综述确定了心水中Rhipicephalus蜱的流行病学以及每种立克次体物种对不同蜱属的亲和力。我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析,绘制并估计无性子科的分子患病率,非洲野生动植物中的立克次尖科和柯西草科。
方法:从五个数据库中检索相关科学文章:PubMed,ScienceDirect,Scopus,Ovid和OAIster.根据预先确定的排除标准选择出版物,并使用横断面研究评估工具(AXIS)评估偏倚风险。我们进行了初步的描述性分析,然后进行了荟萃分析,以估计每种病原体的分子患病率。采用亚组分析和荟萃回归模型来解开与疾病决定因素的关联。最后,最终评估了各项评估的证据质量.
结果:在577篇检索论文中,共有41篇论文被纳入定性分析,27篇被纳入荟萃分析.我们检索到了21种无性子科,立克次体科6种和伯氏柯希拉。对11种目标病原体进行Meta分析。边缘无性体,反刍动物埃里希菌和中央无性体在非洲牛科动物中最普遍(13.9%,CI:0-52.4%;20.9%,CI:4.1-46.2%;13.9%,CI:0-68.7%,分别)。估计的TBP患病率按动物顺序进一步分层,家庭,物种和采样国家。
结论:我们讨论了野生非洲牛科动物中边缘A和反刍动物的sylvatic循环的存在,需要研究非洲啮齿动物和非人灵长类动物中的吞噬细胞以及野生食肉动物组织中的E.canis,缺乏立克次体物种和C.burnetii的数据和特征。
结论:由于缺乏有关野生动物疾病的流行病学数据,当前的工作可以作为未来流行病学和/或实验研究的起点。
BACKGROUND: Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) constitute an emerging threat to public and animal health especially in the African continent, where land-use change, and wildlife loss are creating new opportunities for disease transmission. A review of TBPs with a focus on ticks determined the epidemiology of Rhipicephalus ticks in heartwater and the affinity of each Rickettsia species for different tick genera. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to collect, map and estimate the molecular prevalence of
Anaplasmataceae, Rickettsiaceae and Coxiellaceae in African wildlife.
METHODS: Relevant scientific articles were retrieved from five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Ovid and OAIster. Publications were selected according to pre-determined exclusion criteria and evaluated for risk of bias using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS). We conducted an initial descriptive analysis followed by a meta-analysis to estimate the molecular prevalence of each pathogen. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression models were employed to unravel associations with disease determinants. Finally, the quality of evidence of every estimate was finally assessed.
RESULTS: Out of 577 retrieved papers, a total of 41 papers were included in the qualitative analysis and 27 in the meta-analysis. We retrieved 21
Anaplasmataceae species, six Rickettsiaceae species and Coxiella burnetii. Meta-analysis was performed for a total of 11 target pathogens. Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia ruminantium and Anaplasma centrale were the most prevalent in African bovids (13.9 %, CI: 0-52.4 %; 20.9 %, CI: 4.1-46.2 %; 13.9 %, CI: 0-68.7 %, respectively). Estimated TBPs prevalences were further stratified per animal order, family, species and sampling country.
CONCLUSIONS: We discussed the presence of a sylvatic cycle for A. marginale and E. ruminantium in wild African bovids, the need to investigate A. phagocytophilum in African rodents and non-human primates as well as E. canis in the tissues of wild carnivores, and a lack of data and characterization of Rickettsia species and C. burnetii.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the lack of epidemiological data on wildlife diseases, the current work can serve as a starting point for future epidemiological and/or experimental studies.