据报道,污水处理工人和居住在污水处理厂附近的居民出现呼吸道症状。然而,关于城市污水呼吸危害的毒理学研究很少。本研究旨在深入了解城市废水中污染物混合物引起的综合呼吸危害。四个二级污水处理厂(SWTP)废水的综合呼吸危害,三级污水处理厂(TTP),使用正常人支气管上皮细胞(NHBE)生物测定法对人工湿地(CW)进行了评估,分析了各种处理技术的减毒效果。流出物引起细胞毒性,氧化损伤,NHBE中IL-6和CXCL8水平升高,屏障完整性受损,ZO-1和occludin表达降低。Further,流出物抑制了3D支气管球的发育,增加不规则表面和细胞碎片,并抑制管腔结构的形成。TTPE流出物显著增加MUC5AC在支气管球中的表达。在SWTP时,进水的综合生物标志物反应(IBR)被去除40.2%,TTP为18.2%,CW的36.6%,分别。SWTP最终流出物的IBR,TTP,和CW分别为7.2、7.7和7.7。硬脂醇与毒性生物标志物显著相关,邻甲酚,菲,丁基化羟基甲苯,和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯。本研究提供了有关与放电相关的不良呼吸影响的人类相关证据。深水处理的必要性,性能优化,并提出了改善水质和保护呼吸道健康的潜在手段。
Respiratory symptoms have been reported in wastewater treatment workers and residents living close to sewage treatment plant. However, toxicological research about the respiratory hazards of municipal wastewater is scarce. The present study aims to gain insight into the comprehensive respiratory hazards induced by the contaminant mixtures in municipal wastewater. The integrated respiratory hazards of effluents from four secondary wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), a tertiary wastewater treatment plant (TTP), and a constructed wetland (CW) were evaluated using normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) bioassay, and toxicity reduction efficiency of various treatment techniques was analyzed. Effluents caused cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, inflammation response with the increased levels of IL-6 and CXCL8, and impaired barrier integrity with decreased expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in NHBE. Further, the effluents inhibited the development of 3D bronchospheres, increased irregular surface and cell debris, and suppressed the formation of luminal structures. TTP E effluent significantly increased the expression of MUC5AC in bronchospheres. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) of the influent was removed by 40.2% at SWTPs, 18.2% at TTP, and 36.6% at CW, respectively. The IBR of the final effluents from SWTPs, TTP, and CW were 7.2, 7.7, and 7.7, respectively. Significant correlation with toxicity biomarkers was frequently observed for stearyl alcohol, o-cresol, phenanthrene, butylated hydroxytoluene, and dimethyl phthalate. The present study provided human relevant evidence concerning the adverse respiratory effects associated with discharge. The necessity for deep water treatment, performance optimization, and the potential means were suggested for improving water quality and protecting respiratory health.