尿石素A是由肠道微生物群产生的天然多酚鞣花酸和鞣花蛋白的代谢产物。尿石素A在胃肠道中的吸收比其母体物质更好。因此,偶发单宁食物的可变效应(如石榴果,核桃,茶,和其他人)对人们健康的影响可能与个体微生物群含量的差异有关。尿石素A具有多种抗炎和抗癌作用,如体内和体外研究所示。
在当前的审查中,我们考虑抗炎和直接抗癌尿石素A的作用及其分子机制,这可能是临床试验的基础,估计尿石素A的抗癌作用。
尿石素A减弱了促炎因子的产生(IL-6,IL-1β,NOS2等)体外研究。口服尿石素A治疗在各种体内研究中引起突出的抗癌和抗炎作用,包括结肠炎大鼠模型,角叉菜胶诱导小鼠足月水肿模型,胰腺癌模型,和肥胖模型。这些效应的主要分子机制可能是芳香烃受体的调节,这种拮抗作用可能导致慢性炎症的减少。尿石素A的其他主要靶标可能是蛋白质磷酸化的过程(例如,它降低了蛋白激酶B的磷酸化)和p53的稳定性。尿石素A的抗炎作用可以在生理相关浓度下达到。这对于预防癌症中与慢性炎症相关的免疫抑制可能至关重要。考虑到有利的尿石素A的安全性,它是用于癌症治疗和预防的有希望的化合物。
Urolithin A is the metabolite of natural polyphenol ellagic acid and ellagitannins generated by gut microbiota. Urolithin A is better absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract than its parent substances. Thus, the variable effects of ellagitannin-reach food (like pomegranate fruit, walnuts, tea, and others) on people\'s health might be linked with the differences in individual microbiota content. Urolithin A possesses various anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, as shown by in vivo and in vitro studies.
In the current review, we consider anti-inflammatory and direct anti-cancer urolithin A effects as well as their molecular mechanisms, which might be the basement of clinical trials, estimating urolithin A anti-cancer effects.
Urolithin A attenuated the pro-inflammatory factors production (IL-6, IL-1β, NOS2 and others) in vitro studies. Oral urolithin A treatment caused prominent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory action in various in vivo studies, including colitis rat model, carrageenan-induced paw edema mice model, models of pancreatic cancer, and models of obesity. The main molecular mechanisms of these effects might be the modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptors, which antagonism may lead to decreasing of chronic inflammation. Other primary targets of urolithin A might be the processes of protein phosphorylation (for instance, it decreases the phosphorylation of protein kinase B) and p53 stabilization. Anti-inflammatory effects of urolithin A can be reached in physiologically relevant concentrations. This might be of vital importance for preventing immune suppression associated with chronic inflammation in cancer. Considering the favorable urolithin A safety profile, it is a promising compound for cancer treatment and prevention.