自20世纪中叶以来,西北欧大部分地区的飞蛾数量都在下降,在某种程度上,农业集约化。农业环境计划(AES)在欧洲广泛实施,以保护农业景观中的生物多样性。在增加昆虫的丰度和多样性方面,富含野花的草田边缘通常胜过仅有草的边缘。然而,野花富集对飞蛾的影响仍未研究。这里,研究了AES田间边缘内幼虫寄居植物和花蜜资源对成年蛾的相对重要性。比较了两种处理和一种对照:(I)普通草混合,控制,(ii)仅富含蛾授粉花的草混合物,和(iii)富含13种野花的草混合物。丰盛,物种丰富度和香农多样性分别高1.4、1.8和3.5倍,分别,在野花处理中与普通草相比。治疗之间的多样性差异在第二年变得更大。总丰度没有差异,平原草处理和富含蛾授粉花的草之间的丰富度或多样性。野花处理的丰度和多样性的增加主要是由于提供了幼虫寄养植物,提供花蜜的作用较小。幼虫寄养植物包括播种的野花的物种的相对丰度在第二年增加,暗示新栖息地的殖民。对昆虫保护的影响。我们证明,在农场规模上,通过播种不同的野花边缘,蛾的多样性可以大大提高,丰度可以适度提高,为这些昆虫提供幼虫寄养植物和花卉资源,与只有草的边缘相比。
■在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1007/s10841-023-00469-9获得。
Moth populations have declined across large parts of north-western Europe since the mid-20th century due, in part, to agricultural intensification. Agri-environment schemes (AES) are widely implemented across Europe to protect biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Grass field margins enriched with wildflowers typically out-perform grass-only margins in terms of increasing insect abundance and diversity. However, the effect of wildflower enrichment on moths remains largely unstudied. Here, the relative importance of larval hostplants and nectar resources for adult moths within AES field margins are investigated. Two treatments and a control were compared: (i) a plain grass mix, the control, (ii) a grass mix enriched with only moth-pollinated flowers, and (iii) a grass mix enriched with 13 wildflower species. Abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity were up to 1.4, 1.8 and 3.5 times higher, respectively, in the wildflower treatment compared to plain grass. The difference in diversity between treatments became greater in the second year. There was no difference in total abundance, richness or diversity between the plain grass treatment and grass enriched with moth-pollinated flowers. The increase in abundance and diversity in the wildflower treatment was due primarily to the provision of larval hostplants, with nectar provision playing a smaller role. The relative abundance of species whose larval hostplants included sown wildflowers increased in the second year, suggesting colonisation of the new habitat. Implications for insect conservation. We show that, at the farm scale, moth diversity can be greatly enhanced and abundance moderately enhanced by sowing diverse wildflower margins, providing these insects with both larval hostplants and floral resources, compared to grass-only margins.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10841-023-00469-9.