胶质母细胞瘤(GBM),起源于神经胶质细胞的恶性脑肿瘤,是最常见的原发性脑恶性肿瘤之一,影响到每10万人中就有一人,通常在额叶。雌激素,像雌二醇-17(E2),显著影响GBM进展,转移,和血管生成。雌激素受体(ERs)在信号转导和生理学中起着至关重要的作用。使它们成为潜在的治疗目标。然而,它们在GBM发病机制中的作用尚不清楚.这篇综述探讨了GBM中的ER,专注于他们参与肿瘤免疫逃避,肿瘤微环境的调节,以及GBM进展的潜在机制。此外,讨论了针对GBM治疗的ERs的治疗机会。雌激素,主要在卵巢中合成,少量由肾上腺和脂肪组织合成,调节生殖系统,骨密度,皮肤健康,和心血管功能。GBM的侵袭性和异质性使治疗发展复杂化。临床前发现表明,激素受体激动剂或拮抗剂的内分泌治疗可以延长患者的生存期并改善治疗后的生活质量。ERβ途径,特别是,显示肿瘤抑制潜力,限制神经胶质瘤的进展,副作用较少。ERβ激动剂可能成为GBM治疗的新型药物类别。识别生物标志物和特定的治疗靶标对于早期发现和改善预后至关重要。雌激素及其受体由于其对许多生物过程的调节而有利于GBM治疗。穿透血脑屏障的能力,以及转录的基因组和非基因组控制,使它们成为GBM治疗的有希望的目标。
Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant brain tumor originating in glial cells, is one of the most common primary brain malignancies, affecting one in 100,000 people, typically in the frontal lobe. Estrogens, like estradiol-17 (E2), significantly influence GBM progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are crucial in signal transduction and physiology, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, their roles in GBM pathogenesis remain unclear. This review explores ERs in GBM, focusing on their involvement in tumor immune evasion, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and the mechanisms underlying GBM progression. Additionally, therapeutic opportunities targeting ERs for GBM treatment are discussed. Estrogen, synthesized primarily in ovaries and in smaller amounts by adrenal glands and fat tissues, regulates reproductive systems, bone density, skin health, and cardiovascular function. The invasive nature and heterogeneity of GBM complicate therapy development. Preclinical findings suggest that endocrine therapy with hormone receptor agonists or antagonists can extend patient survival and improve post-treatment quality of life. The ERβ pathway, in particular, shows tumor-suppressive potential, limiting glioma progression with fewer side effects. ERβ agonists could become a novel drug class for GBM treatment. Identifying biomarkers and specific therapeutic targets is crucial for early detection and improved prognosis. Estrogen and its receptors are advantageous for GBM treatment due to their regulation of numerous biological processes, ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and genomic and non-genomic control of transcription, making them promising targets for GBM therapy.