废水中含有各种有机污染物,对人体健康和环境造成极大危害。一种蛋白质/多糖衍生的气凝胶,即,ICMA,被开发为一种高性能吸附剂,用于同时有效地去除废水中的多种污染物,包括黑素苷(MLE),刚果红(CR),和双氯芬酸(DIC)。金属有机骨架(UiO-66-NH2),作为一个调节因素,显著提高了ICMA的孔隙率和孔体积,提高了对污染物的捕集性能。由于掺入了大量的多胺官能团及其发达的孔结构,ICMA表现出出色的吸附效率。大孔隙度和孔隙体积,和显着的耐热性。对于MLE,ICMA的平衡捕获能力分别为1364、2031和539mg/g,CR,还有DIC,分别,相应的去除效率均超过90%。此外,ICMA可以通过MLE/CR/DIC-桥接相互作用捕获阳离子染料。五个周期后,使用的ICMA仍然可以保持较高的污染物去除率/量,展示了良好的可重用性。经典吸附模型表明,ICMA对污染物的捕获是双层和非均相吸附取向。一个全新的LWAMTM模型表明,吸附传质过程是由外部传质共同决定的,孔隙扩散,和吸附在活性位点上。多重表征表明,污染物在ICMA上的吸附主要是由电荷相互作用促进的,H-键发挥次要作用。量子化学理论模拟进一步提供了有关捕获污染物的原子级机制的见解。Hirshfeld表面分析表明,ICMA在污染物吸附过程中既充当H键受体又充当供体。进行放大和升级吸附以处理实际/模拟废水,为ICMA的工业实施奠定基础。
Wastewater contains various organic contaminants that pose great hazards to human health and the environment. A protein/polysaccharide-derived
aerogel, namely, ICMA, was developed as a high-performance adsorbent for the simultaneous and efficient removal of diverse contaminants from wastewater, including melanoidin (MLE), Congo red (CR), and diclofenac (DIC). Metal organic framework (UiO-66-NH2), as a regulatory factor, significantly improved the porosity and pore volume of the ICMA to enhance the capture performance of contaminants. The ICMA exhibited outstanding adsorption efficiency owing to the incorporation of ample polyamine functional groups and its well-developed pore structure, large porosity and pore volume, and remarkable heat resistance. The equilibrium capture capacities of the ICMA were 1364, 2031, and 539 mg/g for MLE, CR, and DIC, respectively, with corresponding removal efficiencies all exceeding 90%. Furthermore, the ICMA can capture cationic dyes through MLE/CR/DIC-bridging interactions. After five cycles, the used ICMA can still maintain a high contaminant removal rate/amount, demonstrating good reusability. The classic adsorption model showed that the capture of contaminants by the ICMA is a double-layered and heterogeneous adsorption orientation. A brand new LWAMTM model demonstrated that the adsorption mass-transfer process is jointly determined by the external mass conveyance, pore diffusion, and adsorption on the active site. Multiple characterizations indicated that the contaminant adsorption onto the ICMA was mainly facilitated by charge interactions, with H-bonds playing a secondary role. Quantum chemical theory simulations further provide insights into the atomic-level mechanisms involved in the capture of contaminants. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that the ICMA functions as both an H-bond acceptor and a donor during contaminant adsorption. Scale-up and upgrade adsorption were performed to treat actual/simulated wastewater, establishing the groundwork for the industrial implementation of the ICMA.