利巴韦林(RBV),被广泛用于治疗病毒性疾病,如COVID-19,由于其在水环境系统中的长期存在和健康风险,被认为是主要的新兴污染物之一。然而,关于有效去除RBV的研究仍然不足。在这项研究中,我们研究了RBV在UV/氯/Fe(II)过程中的降解动力学和机理。在UV/氯/Fe(II)工艺中,RBV的降解速率常数kobs-RBV为2.52×10-4s-1,比单独的氯和UV/氯工艺增加了1.6倍和1.3倍,分别。值得注意的是,痕量Fe(II)通过Fe2+/Fe3+循环促进紫外/氯体系中RBV的降解,提高反应性物种如HO·和某些物种反应性氯自由基(RCS)的产率。HO·和RCS对RBV降解的贡献分别为53.91%和16.11%,分别。具体来说,Cl·,ClO·,和Cl2·-占8.59%,2.69%,和4.83%的RBV去除。RBV降解途径表明,反应性物种优先攻击RBV的酰胺部分,它裂解了醚键和羟基。对RBV降解产物的毒性评估表明,UV/氯/Fe(II)工艺有利于RBV的解毒。
Ribavirin (RBV), which is extensively used to treat viral diseases such as COVID-19, is considered one of the major emerging contaminants due to its long-term existence and health risk in the aqueous environmental system. However, research on effective removal of RBV still remains insufficient. In this study, we investigated the RBV degradation kinetics and mechanism in UV/chlorine/Fe(II) process. The degradation rate constant kobs-RBV of RBV was 2.52 × 10-4 s-1 in UV/chlorine/Fe(II) process, which increased by 1.6 times and 1.3 times than that in chlorine alone and UV/chlorine process, respectively. Notably, trace amount Fe(II) promoted RBV degradation in UV/chlorine system through Fe2+/Fe3+ cycles, enhancing the yield of reactive species such as HO· and certain species reactive chlorine radicals (RCS). The contributions of HO· and RCS toward RBV degradation were 53.91% and 16.11%, respectively. Specifically, Cl·, ClO·, and Cl2·- were responsible for 8.59%, 2.69%, and 4.83% of RBV removal. The RBV degradation pathway indicated that the reactive species preferentially attacked the amide moiety of RBV, which cleaved the ether bond and the hydroxyl group. The toxicity evaluation of RBV degradation products elucidated that UV/chlorine/Fe(II) process was beneficial for RBV detoxification.