背景:早期给予肾上腺素与院外心脏骤停(OHCA)后生存率的提高相关。血管通路延迟可能会影响肾上腺素的及时输送。在血管进入前施用肾上腺素的新方法可以提高存活率。这项研究的目的是确定初始肌内(IM)肾上腺素剂量,然后是标准IV/IO肾上腺素是否与OHCA后生存率的提高有关。
方法:研究设计我们进行了实施早期,成人OHCA的第一剂IM肾上腺素EMS方案。干预前阶段发生在2010年1月至2019年10月之间。干预后的时期是2019年11月至2024年5月。设置单中心城市,两级EMS代理。参与者成人,非创伤性OHCA符合肾上腺素使用干预标准单剂量(5mg)IM肾上腺素。所有其他护理,包括随后的IV或IO肾上腺素,遵循国际准则。主要结果和措施主要结果是生存至出院。次要结果是从EMS到达到第一剂肾上腺素的时间,存活到入院,出院时神经功能良好。
结果:在1450个OHCA中,372(29.9%)接受IM肾上腺素治疗,985(70.1%)接受常规治疗。52名患者在干预后期间通过IV或IO途径接受了第一剂肾上腺素,并被纳入标准护理组分析。IM肾上腺素组年龄较小,旁观者CPR较高。IM和标准护理队列之间的所有其他特征相似。IM队列的肾上腺素给药时间更快[(中位数4.3分钟(IQR3.0-6.0)与7.8分钟(IQR5.8-10.4)]。与标准护理相比,IM肾上腺素与住院生存率提高相关(37.1%vs.31.6%;aOR1.37,95%CI1.06-1.77),住院生存率(11.0%vs7.0%;aOR1.73,95%CI1.10-2.71)和出院时良好的神经系统状况(9.8%vs6.2%;aOR1.72,95%CI1.07-2.76)。
结论:在这项单中心前后实施研究中,作为标准治疗的辅助治疗的初始IM剂量的肾上腺素与入院后的生存率改善相关,存活到出院,功能性生存。需要一项随机对照试验来全面评估IM肾上腺素在OHCA中的潜在益处。
BACKGROUND: Early administration of adrenaline is associated with improved survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Delays in vascular access may impact the timely delivery of adrenaline. Novel methods for administering adrenaline before vascular access may enhance survival. The objective of this study was to determine whether an initial intramuscular (IM) adrenaline dose followed by standard IV/IO adrenaline is associated with improved survival after OHCA.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted a before-and-after study of the implementation of an early, first-dose IM adrenaline EMS protocol for adult OHCAs. The pre-intervention period took place between January 2010 and October 2019. The post-intervention period was between November 2019 and May 2024.
METHODS: Single-center urban, two-tiered EMS agency.
METHODS: Adult, nontraumatic OHCA meeting criteria for adrenaline use.
METHODS: Single dose (5 mg) IM adrenaline. All other care, including subsequent IV or IO adrenaline, followed international guidelines.
METHODS: The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were time from EMS arrival to the first dose of adrenaline, survival to hospital admission, and favorable neurologic function at discharge.
RESULTS: Among 1450 OHCAs, 372 (29.9%) received IM adrenaline and 985 (70.1%) received usual care. Fifty-two patients received the first dose of adrenaline through the IV or IO route within the post-intervention period and were included in the standard care group analysis. Age was younger and bystander CPR was higher in the IM adrenaline group. All other characteristics were similar between IM and standard care cohorts. Time to adrenaline administration was faster for the IM cohort [(median 4.3 min (IQR 3.0-6.0) vs. 7.8 min (IQR 5.8-10.4)]. Compared with standard care, IM adrenaline was associated with improved survival to hospital admission (37.1% vs. 31.6%; aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.06-1.77), hospital survival (11.0% vs 7.0%; aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10-2.71) and favorable neurologic status at hospital discharge (9.8% vs 6.2%; aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.07-2.76).
CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center before-and-after implementation study, an initial IM dose of adrenaline as an adjunct to standard care was associated with improved survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and functional survival. A randomized controlled trial is needed to fully assess the potential benefit of IM adrenaline delivery in OHCA.