目的:退行性肩袖撕裂不能自发愈合,需要手术干预。这使得预防至关重要,但是目前缺乏有效的预防措施。氧化应激最近被认为是退行性肩袖撕裂的原因,而线粒体损伤已被报道在与年龄相关的肩袖变性的发展中。牛磺酸,具有抗氧化特性,已发现可有效治疗各种线粒体异常。这促使我们研究牛磺酸和其他一些抗氧化剂对使用肌腱细胞的肩袖变性的抑制作用。
方法:将过氧化氢(H2O2,2mM)添加到含0.8µM牛磺酸(TAU组)的肌腱细胞中,含100μMα-生育酚的培养基(E组),和含150µM抗坏血酸的培养基(C组),然后将每种培养基培养24小时。将单独补充有2mMH2O2的肌腱细胞类似地培养24小时(组H2O2)。在每一组中,对氧化应激标记8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷和晚期糖基化终产物(AGE)进行免疫染色,这有助于与年龄相关的肩袖退化的发展。此外,使用基于细胞的测定试剂盒测量活性氧的水平,并对结果进行了比较。还对细胞凋亡指数(caspase-9,裂解的caspase-3和Bcl-2)进行了免疫染色,免疫印迹用于定量各组早期caspase-9的活化。
结果:E组和C组氧化应激和AGE水平降低。TAU组中所有参数的水平均降低。
结论:牛磺酸具有预防肩袖变性的作用。给药方法简单,副作用少,临床应用容易,作为退行性肩袖撕裂的新型预防策略的明确潜力值得进一步研究。
OBJECTIVE: Degenerative rotator cuff tears do not heal spontaneously, necessitating surgical intervention. This makes prevention crucial, but effective prophylactic measures are currently lacking. Oxidative stress has recently been implicated as a cause of degenerative rotator cuff tears, while mitochondrial injury has been reported in the development of age-related rotator cuff degeneration. Taurine, which has antioxidant properties, has been found to be effective in the treatment of various mitochondrial abnormalities. This prompted us to investigate the inhibitory effect of taurine and some other antioxidants against rotator cuff degeneration using tenocytes.
METHODS: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2 mM) was added to tenocytes in medium with 0.8 µM taurine (Group TAU), medium with 100 µM α-tocopherol (Group E), and medium with 150 µM ascorbic acid (Group C), then each medium was cultured for 24 h. Tenocytes supplemented with 2 mM H2O2 alone were similarly cultured for 24 h (Group H2O2). In each group, immunostaining was performed for the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine and advanced glycation end products (AGE), which contribute to the development of age-related rotator cuff degeneration. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species were measured using a cell-based assay kit, and results were compared. Immunostaining was also performed for indices of apoptosis (caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2), and Western blotting was used to quantify activation of caspase-9 at an early stage in each group.
RESULTS: Oxidative stress and AGE levels were decreased in the E and C groups. Levels of all parameters were reduced in the TAU group.
CONCLUSIONS: Taurine showed preventative effects against rotator cuff degeneration. The simple method of administration and paucity of side effects make clinical application easy, and the clear potential as a novel prophylactic strategy against degenerative rotator cuff tear warrants further study.