免疫细胞疗法作为一种革命性的治疗方式,显著改变癌症护理。它是一种特殊形式的免疫疗法,利用活的免疫细胞作为治疗癌症的治疗试剂。与传统药物不同,细胞疗法被认为是“活的药物”,这些产品目前是定制的,需要先进的制造技术。尽管嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T细胞疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗方面在业界受到了极大的关注,它们治疗实体瘤的有效性通常受到限制,导致替代免疫细胞疗法的出现。肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)细胞治疗,细胞因子诱导的杀伤(CIK)细胞治疗,树突状细胞(DC)疫苗,和DC/CIK细胞疗法旨在使用人体的自然防御机制来靶向和消除癌细胞,通常副作用或风险较小。另一方面,细胞疗法,如嵌合抗原受体T(CAR-T)细胞,T细胞受体(TCR)-T,嵌合抗原受体-自然杀伤(CAR-NK),或CAR-巨噬细胞(CAR-M)通常利用自体干细胞,同种异体或异种细胞,或转基因细胞,这需要更高水平的操纵,被认为是高风险的。这些高风险细胞疗法通常在肿瘤靶向和信号转导方面具有特殊的特征。引发新的抗肿瘤免疫反应。最近,抗肿瘤机制的基础和临床研究都取得了重大进展,细胞治疗产品设计,和技术创新。凭借快速的技术整合和高度创新的景观,未来重点发展方向已经出现。为了满足治疗癌症的细胞治疗技术进步的需求,本研究全面系统地研究了免疫细胞治疗的技术创新和临床进展。基于免疫细胞疗法的治疗机制和方法学特征,我们分析了与这些疗法相关的主要技术优势和临床转化风险.并对其应用前景进行了分析和预测,为相关企业提供必要的信息,为其研发方向选择做出明智的决策提供参考。
Immune cell therapy as a revolutionary treatment modality, significantly transformed cancer care. It is a specialized form of immunotherapy that utilizes living immune cells as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of cancer. Unlike traditional drugs, cell therapies are considered \"living drugs,\" and these products are currently customized and require advanced manufacturing techniques. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have received tremendous attention in the industry regarding the treatment of hematologic malignancies, their effectiveness in treating solid tumors is often restricted, leading to the emergence of alternative immune cell therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, and DC/CIK cell therapy are designed to use the body\'s natural defense mechanisms to target and eliminate cancer cells, and usually have fewer side effects or risks. On the other hand, cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell, T cell receptor (TCR)-T, chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK), or CAR-macrophages (CAR-M) typically utilize either autologous stem cells, allogeneic or xenogeneic cells, or genetically modified cells, which require higher levels of manipulation and are considered high risk. These high-risk cell therapies typically hold special characteristics in tumor targeting and signal transduction, triggering new anti-tumor immune responses. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in both basic and clinical researches on anti-tumor mechanisms, cell therapy product designs, and technological innovations. With swift technological integration and a high innovation landscape, key future development directions have emerged. To meet the demands of cell therapy technological advancements in treating cancer, we comprehensively and systematically investigate the technological innovation and clinical progress of immune cell therapies in this study. Based on the therapeutic mechanisms and methodological features of immune cell therapies, we analyzed the main technical advantages and clinical transformation risks associated with these therapies. We also analyzed and forecasted the application prospects, providing references for relevant enterprises with the necessary information to make informed decisions regarding their R&D direction selection.