多瘤病毒是一组小的,无包裹,可以感染各种宿主的双链DNA病毒,包括人类。已知BKPyV会导致人类多瘤病毒相关肾病(HPyVAN)等疾病,人多瘤病毒相关出血性膀胱炎(HPyVHC),和人类多瘤病毒相关的尿路上皮癌(HPyVUC)。JCPyV,另一方面,负责进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML),严重的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病。PML主要影响免疫受损个体,包括那些感染艾滋病毒的人,某些免疫抑制疗法的接受者,移植患者。HPyV感染的治疗选择有限,但是病毒特异性T细胞(VST)治疗的最新进展显示出了希望。虽然VST疗法在治疗BKPyV和JCPyV感染方面显示出希望,仍然存在一些挑战。其中包括耗时且昂贵的VST准备工作,需要先进的生产设施,以及最佳细胞类型和输注频率的不确定性。据我们所知,85例出血性膀胱炎,27例BKPyV病毒血症,2例BKPyV肾炎,14例出血性膀胱炎和BKPyV病毒血症,文献中32例PML患者接受VST治疗。总体反应是82、33、35和10,局部,无反应,和无结果报告(NA),分别。总之,这篇综述强调了VST治疗作为多瘤病毒感染的一种有希望的治疗方法的重要性,强调需要持续的研究和临床试验,以完善和扩大这种创新的免疫治疗策略。
Polyomaviruses are a group of small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that can infect various hosts, including humans. BKPyV is known to cause conditions such as human polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (HPyVAN), human polyomavirus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (HPyVHC), and human polyomavirus-associated urothelial cancer (HPyVUC). JCPyV, on the other hand, is responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. PML primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with HIV, recipients of certain immunosuppressive therapies, and transplant patients. The treatment options for HPyV infections have been limited, but recent developments in virus-specific T cell (VST) therapy have shown promise. While VST therapy has shown promise in treating both BKPyV and JCPyV infections, several challenges remain. These include the time-consuming and costly preparation of VSTs, the need for sophisticated production facilities, and uncertainties regarding the optimal cell type and infusion frequency. To the best of our knowledge, 85 patients with hemorrhagic cystitis, 27 patients with BKPyV viremia, 2 patients with BKPyV nephritis, 14 patients with hemorrhagic cystitis and BKPyV viremia, 32 patients with PML were treated with VST in the literature. The overall response was 82, 33, 35, and 10 complete, partial, non-response, and no-outcome-reported (NA), respectively. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of VST therapy as a promising treatment approach for polyomavirus infections, emphasizing the need for continued research and clinical trials to refine and expand this innovative immunotherapeutic strategy.