目标:本研究旨在研究温暖和苛刻的父母教养与青少年幸福感之间的关联,以及自我善良和自我判断的中介效应,在关系中。此外,这项研究调查了三个青春期阶段的发育差异(早期,中间,和迟到)。方法:总计,14,776名中国青少年(平均年龄=13.53±2.08,男性占52.3%),包括早期(10-12岁,N=5055),中等(13-15岁,N=6714),和青春期后期(16-18岁,N=3007)参与本研究。所有青少年都对他们的热情和苛刻的育儿水平进行了评分,自我仁慈和自我判断,和幸福。采用结构方程模型(SEM)对中介模型进行检验。进行了多组分析,以调查不同发育阶段之间的中介模型差异。结果:温暖和苛刻的父母教养都通过自我善良和自我判断的中介作用与青少年幸福感有关。然而,温暖的养育方式对青少年的幸福感产生了更大的影响。在人际关系中,自我善良比自我判断具有更强大的中介作用。此外,与青春期早期和中期相比,严厉的育儿对青春期后期的青少年幸福感的影响较弱。在青春期早期,温暖的父母教养对青春期幸福感的影响要比在青春期中期和后期更大。结论:总体而言,温暖的育儿比苛刻的育儿对青少年的幸福感有更大的影响。研究结果还强调了自我善良在育儿与幸福之间的关系中的关键中介作用。此外,这项研究还表明了青春期早期温情育儿的重要性。干预项目应注重提高温馨育儿水平,促进青少年自我善待,以改善他们的福祉。
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between warm and harsh parenting and adolescent well-being, and the mediating effects of self-kindness and self-judgment, in relationships. Moreover, this study investigated developmental differences across three adolescence stages (early, middle, and late). Methods: In total, 14,776 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 13.53 ± 2.08, 52.3% males), including individuals in early (10-12 years old, N = 5055), middle (13-15 years old, N = 6714), and late adolescence (16-18 years old, N = 3007) participated in this study. All the adolescents rated their levels of warm and harsh parenting, self-kindness and self-judgment, and well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to examine the mediation model. Multi-group analysis was conducted to investigate differences in the mediation model across the different developmental stages. Results: Both warm and harsh parenting were related to adolescent well-being through the mediating effects of self-kindness and self-judgment. However, warm parenting exerted a more substantial impact on adolescent well-being. Self-kindness had a more robust mediating effect than self-judgment in relationships. Moreover, harsh parenting had a weaker impact on adolescent well-being in late adolescence than in early and middle adolescence. Warm parenting had a more significant impact on adolescent well-being in early adolescence than in middle and late adolescence. Conclusions: Overall, warm parenting had a more substantial effect than harsh parenting on adolescent well-being. The findings also highlighted the crucial mediating effect of self-kindness in the relationships between parenting and well-being. Moreover, this study also indicated the importance of warm parenting in early adolescence. Intervention programs should focus on enhancing the level of warm parenting to promote self-kindness in adolescents, in order to improve their well-being.