Th9细胞,产生白细胞介素-9(IL-9)的T辅助细胞亚群,在适应性免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用,并且在不同的疾病中具有不同的作用。受PU.1和IRF4等转录因子以及IL-4和TGF-β等细胞因子的调节,Th9细胞驱动组织炎症。本文重点介绍了它们在免疫病理生理学中的新兴作用。Th9细胞表现出免疫介导的癌细胞破坏,在神经胶质瘤和宫颈癌治疗中显示出希望。然而,它们在乳腺癌和肺癌中的作用错综复杂,需要对抗肿瘤和抗肿瘤方面有更深入的了解。Th9细胞,与IL-9一起,促进T细胞和免疫细胞增殖,导致自身免疫性疾病。它们与牛皮癣有关,特应性皮炎,和感染。在过敏反应和哮喘中,Th9细胞促进促炎反应。靶向Foxo1可能调节先天和适应性免疫反应,缓解疾病症状。这篇全面的综述概述了Th9细胞不断发展的免疫病理生理作用,强调进一步研究的必要性,以掌握它们在疾病中的作用和潜在的治疗应用。
免疫系统依赖于CD4+T细胞,特别是Th9细胞,产生白细胞介素-9(IL-9)以抵抗感染。Th9细胞具有受多种因素调节的独特功能,并与疾病有关。包括癌症.临床前研究表明Th9细胞可以靶向肿瘤,但是它们在癌症中的作用仍然错综复杂。在肺癌和乳腺癌中,Th9细胞影响肿瘤生长和免疫应答。胶质瘤研究探索诱导Th9细胞抑制脑肿瘤生长。Th9细胞与结直肠癌呈正相关和负相关。淋巴瘤还有黑色素瘤.对Th9细胞的研究延伸到自身免疫性疾病,如格雷夫斯病,炎症性肠病,牛皮癣,狼疮,硬皮病,类风湿性关节炎,和多发性硬化症,它们可能会导致炎症。在特应性皮炎中,IL-9水平升高与疾病严重程度相关,表明Th9细胞参与炎症和细胞活化。Th9细胞的复杂性强调了疾病特异性治疗的必要性。了解Th9细胞和IL-9对于开发靶向治疗至关重要。强调这些细胞在各种疾病中发挥的细微差别作用,以及定制治疗方法的潜力。
Th9 cells, a subset of T-helper cells producing interleukin-9 (IL-9), play a vital role in the adaptive immune response and have diverse effects in different diseases. Regulated by transcription factors like PU.1 and IRF4, and cytokines such as IL-4 and TGF-β, Th9 cells drive tissue inflammation. This review focuses on their emerging role in immunopathophysiology. Th9 cells exhibit immune-mediated cancer cell destruction, showing promise in glioma and cervical cancer treatment. However, their role in breast and lung cancer is intricate, requiring a deeper understanding of pro- and anti-tumor aspects. Th9 cells, along with IL-9, foster T cell and immune cell proliferation, contributing to autoimmune disorders. They are implicated in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and infections. In allergic reactions and asthma, Th9 cells fuel pro-inflammatory responses. Targeting Foxo1 may regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, alleviating disease symptoms. This comprehensive review outlines Th9 cells\' evolving immunopathophysiological role, emphasizing the necessity for further research to grasp their effects and potential therapeutic applications across diseases.
The immune system relies on CD4+ T cells, specifically Th9 cells, which produce Interleukin-9 (IL-9) to combat infections. Th9 cells have distinct functions regulated by various factors and are implicated in diseases, including cancer. Preclinical studies suggest Th9 cells could target tumors, but their role in cancer remains intricate. In lung and breast cancer, Th9 cells influence tumor growth and immune responses. Glioma research explores inducing Th9 cells to inhibit brain tumor growth. Th9 cells exhibit both positive and negative associations with colorectal cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma. Investigation into Th9 cells extends to autoimmune diseases like Graves’ disease, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, where they may contribute to inflammation. In atopic dermatitis, elevated IL-9 levels correlate with disease severity, indicating Th9 cells’ involvement in inflammation and cell activation. The complexity of Th9 cells underscores the necessity for disease-specific therapies. Understanding Th9 cells and IL-9 is pivotal for developing targeted treatments, emphasizing the nuanced role these cells play in diverse diseases and the potential for tailored therapeutic approaches.