OBJECTIVE: Acute sensorineural hearing loss represents a spectrum of conditions characterized by sudden onset hearing loss. The \"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Sensorineural Hearing Loss\" were issued as the first clinical practice guidelines in Japan outlining the standard diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this article is to strengthen the guidelines by adding the scientific evidence including a systematic review of the latest publications, and to widely introduce the current treatment options based on the scientific evidence.
METHODS: The clinical practice guidelines were completed by 1) retrospective data analysis (using nationwide survey data), 2) systematic literature review, and 3) selected clinical questions (CQs). Additional systematic review of each disease was performed to strengthen the scientific evidence of the diagnosis and treatment in the guidelines.
RESULTS: Based on the nationwide survey results and the systematic literature review summary, the standard diagnosis flowchart and treatment options, including the CQs and recommendations, were determined.
CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines present a summary of the standard approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss. We hope that these guidelines will be used in medical practice and that they will initiate further research.

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Modern literature data are presented on the choice of a drug for hormonal therapy in acute neurosensory hearing loss of various origins, the doses used for systemic therapy, the features and methods of intratympanic administration of glucocorticosteroids, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment with this group of drugs.
Представлены современные данные литературы о выборе препарата для гормональной терапии при острой нейросенсорной тугоухости различного генеза, используемых дозах для системной терапии, особенностях и способах интратимпанального введения глюкокортикостероидов и оценке эффективности лечения препаратами этой группы.

Increasing numbers of acute sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) are recently experienced in irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors.
This study adopted MR imaging to differentiate between post-irradiation sudden deafness (PISD) and post-irradiation endolymphatic hydrops (PIEH) in long-term NPC survivors with acute SNHL.
From 2012 to 2021, consecutive 10 irradiated NPC survivors with acute SNHL were enrolled. All patients underwent an inner ear test battery and MR imaging using HYDROPS-Mi2 technique. Six patients (11 ears) with positive cochlear hydrops on MR images were diagnosed as PIEH, while another 4 patients (4 ears) without cochlear hydrops on MR images were referred to PISD.
The interval from the onset of NPC to acute SNHL did not significantly differ between the PIEH (10 ± 6 years) and PISD (8 ± 2 years). No significant difference was found between the two disorders from any of the symptomatic, radiotherapeutic, audiological, or vestibular perspective. Interestingly, most (5/6) patients with PIEH had bilateral involvement, while all (4/4) patients with PISD showed unilateral affliction. A significantly declining sequence of abnormality rates in the inner ear test battery was noted in the PIEH patients, running from the audiometry (100%), cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test (100%), ocular VEMP test (73%), to the caloric test (36%). However, such declining trend was not observed in patients with PISD.
When facing an NPC survivor who had acute SNHL over a prolonged period after irradiation, MR imaging using HYDROPS-Mi2 technique should be performed to differentiate the PIEH from the PISD, since both disorders have various treatment modalities and hearing outcome.

Several methods are used for hearing loss screening; however, their benefits are uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine the predictive factors of acute sensorineural hearing loss for clinical application by primary care doctors.
This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 365 patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss without prior therapy. The patients\' clinical data, demographic information, and medical histories were obtained, and they were asked about comorbidities. In addition, we assessed lifestyle factors such as stress level, alcohol consumption, marital status, and socioeconomic level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the diagnostic predictive ability of the selected factors associated with acute sensorineural hearing loss. The hearing levels of all patients were evaluated using pure tone audiometry.
We identified significant predictive factors for acute sensorineural hearing loss. The absence of hyperacusis was a predictive factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Younger age, female sex, and marital status were predictive factors for acute low-tone hearing loss. High body mass index, high socioeconomic level, low alcohol consumption, high stress level, hyperacusis, and vertigo/dizziness were predictive factors for Ménière\'s disease. High body mass index and ear fullness were predictive factors for perilymph fistula. Low stress level was a predictive factor for acoustic tumours.
Our findings can be used to distinguish between the types of acute sensorineural hearing loss. Symptoms, physical status, and lifestyle factors identified during this study are useful markers for predicting acute sensorineural hearing loss occurrence.

UNASSIGNED:
The article presents modern literary data relating to the expediency of the purpose of glucocorticosteroids in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) of various genes. In detail, the radar molecular mechanisms and the anatomo-physiological features of the exposure to the inner ear, side effects, the introduction methods, their comparative efficacy and modern schemes of the SSHL.
В статье представлены современные данные литературы, касающиеся целесообразности назначения глюкокортикостероидов при острой нейросенсорной тугоухости различного генеза. Подробно рассмотрены молекулярные механизмы и анатомо-физиологические особенности воздействия препаратов данной группы на внутреннее ухо, побочные эффекты, способы введения, их сравнительная эффективность и современные схемы лечения острой нейросенсорной тугоухости.

The article presents a review of the literature on the treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss, acoustic trauma in people exposed to impulse noise. Groups of the most used drugs for the pharmacological correction of hearing impairment in this pathology are present, such as glucocorticosteroids, antioxidants, nootropics, antihypoxants, and others, are covered. Particular attention is paid to use of drugs taking into account the main links of pathogenesis.
В статье представлен обзор литературы по проблеме лечения острой сенсоневральной тугоухости (ОСНТ), акустической травмы (АТ) у лиц, подвергающихся воздействию импульсного шума (ИШ). Освещены данные о группах наиболее перспективных лекарственных средств для фармакологической коррекции нарушений слуха при этой патологии, такие как глюкокортикостероиды, антиоксиданты, ноотропы, антигипоксанты и др. Особое внимание уделено обоснованию применения препаратов с учетом звеньев патогенеза заболевания.

The article contains literature review on etiology, natural history and treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Differential diagnosis in case of 8th cranial nerve involvement is discussed. We present a case of the patient with Ramsay Hunt syndrome with hearing loss and vertigo is described. Clinical symptoms and diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss and acute unilateral vestibulopathy are presented. The successful treatment of the patient resulted in complete facial nerve recovery, hearing improvement and partial recovery of vestibular function.
Представлен краткий обзор литературы по этиологии, течению и лечению синдрома Рамсея-Ханта. Обсуждается дифференциальная диагностика заболевания при поражении VIII пары черепных нервов. Приводится описание клинического случая синдрома Рамсея-Ханта, сопровождавшегося головокружением и снижением слуха. Приведены данные клинического осмотра и инструментальных методов, подтверждающих сенсоневральную тугоухость и острую односторoннюю вестибулопатию. Приведены результаты успешного лечения пациентки с полным восстановлением пареза лицевого нерва, улучшением слуха и частичным восстановлением вестибулярной функции.

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