单原子电催化剂(SAC)是一类有前途的材料,由于其固有的优势,用于驱动电化学能量转换反应,包括最大的金属利用率,定义明确的有源结构,和强大的界面效应。然而,对于广泛的工业应用,SAC尚未达到完全商业化。这篇综述总结了在SAC设计中用于其活性位点上的关键电催化反应的最新研究成果,协调,和基底,以及合成方法。我们强调了SAC在活动中面临的主要挑战,选择性,稳定性和可扩展性。此外,我们指出了应对这些挑战的新策略,包括增加金属场地的内在活动,提高金属场地的利用率,提高稳定性,优化当地环境,开发新的制造技术,利用理论研究的见解,和扩大潜在的应用。最后,我们对单原子电催化走向商业化的未来方向提出了看法。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
Single-atom electrocatalysts (SACs) are a class of promising materials for driving electrochemical energy conversion reactions due to their intrinsic advantages, including maximum metal utilization, well-defined active structures, and strong interface effects. However, SACs have not reached full commercialization for broad industrial applications. This review summarizes recent research achievements in the design of SACs for crucial electrocatalytic reactions on their active sites, coordination, and substrates, as well as the synthesis methods. The key challenges facing SACs in activity, selectivity, stability, and scalability, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is pointed out the new strategies to address these challenges including increasing intrinsic activity of metal sites, enhancing the utilization of metal sites, improving the stability, optimizing the local environment, developing new fabrication techniques, leveraging insights from theoretical studies, and expanding potential applications. Finally, the views are offered on the future direction of single-atom electrocatalysis toward commercialization.