简介:通用航空(GA),主要由轻型(≤12,500磅)飞机组成,与航空承运人相比,安全记录较差。为了提高安全性,自1991年以来,一直向GA飞行员提倡航空决策(ADM)实践。在这里,我们确定了GA飞行员无视这种做法的程度。方法:从国家运输安全委员会AccessR数据库中确定了涉及单引擎飞机中私人飞行员(PPL)的致命事故(1991-2019)(N=1481)。其中,使用PAVE(飞行员,飞机,环境,外部压力)/IMSAFE(疾病,医学,压力,酒精,疲劳,吃)和PPP(感知,process,执行)模型,分别。统计检验使用泊松分布,费希尔精确检验,和Mann-WhitneyU-tests.结果:在1481起事故中,846例被鉴定为ADM相关缺陷。选择离开危险环境(PAVE),无视健康(IMSAFE),飞机熟悉度差(PAVE)是最常见的类别(54%,21%,20%,分别)错误的go/no-goADM。在过去的30年中,与环境类别错误的决定有关的致命事故下降了64%,在其他领域几乎没有递减。在与环境有关的事故类别中,决定离开预报的不利天气(例如,降低的可见性,结冰,雷暴)构成最普遍的子类别(56%,N=195)。令人惊讶的是,在这个子类别中,不考虑结冰和雷暴预报,仪表级PPL的事故占比超过九倍和三倍,分别。结论:飞行员与ADM相关的事故几乎没有减少,飞机,和外部压力域,有必要采取新的策略来解决PPL的这些缺陷。BoydDD,沙夫MT。航空决策不足对致命通用航空事故的贡献。AerospMed嗡嗡声表演。2023年;94(11):807-814。
INTRODUCTION: General aviation (GA), mainly comprised of light (≤12,500 lb) aircraft, maintains an inferior safety record compared with air carriers. To improve safety, aeronautical decision-making (ADM) practices have been advocated to GA pilots since 1991. Herein, we determined the extent to which GA pilots disregard such practices.METHODS: Fatal accidents (1991-2019) involving private pilots (PPLs) in single-engine airplanes were identified (N = 1481) from the National Transportation Safety Board AccessR database. Of these, deficient go/no-go and in-flight ADM-related mishaps were scored using the PAVE (pilot, aircraft, environment, external pressure)/IMSAFE (illness, medicine, stress, alcohol, fatigue, eating) and PPP (perceive, process, perform) models, respectively. Statistical testing used Poisson distributions, Fisher exact tests, and Mann-Whitney U-tests.RESULTS: Of the 1481 accidents, 846 were identified as deficient ADM-related. Electing to depart into a hazardous environment (PAVE), disregarding wellness (IMSAFE), and poor aircraft familiarity (PAVE) represented the most common categories (54%, 21%, and 20%, respectively) of errant go/no-go ADM. A 64% decline in fatal accidents related to errant go/no-go decisions for the environment category was evident over the 30-yr period, with little decrements in the other domains. Within the errant environment-related category accidents, the decision to depart into forecasted adverse weather (e.g., degraded visibility, icing, thunderstorms) constituted the most prevalent subcategory (56%, N = 195). Surprisingly, of this subcategory, accidents were overrepresented by over nine- and threefold for instrument-rated PPLs disregarding icing and thunderstorm forecasts, respectively.CONCLUSION: With little decrement in ADM-related accidents in the pilot, aircraft, and external pressure domains, new strategies to address such deficiencies for PPLs are warranted.Boyd DD, Scharf MT. Deficient aeronautical decision-making contributions to fatal general aviation accidents. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(11):807-814.