背景:在以前的研究中,受一系列情境因素影响,老年人的健康素养(HL)水平下降.为了优化HL,重要的是要更好地了解老龄化过程与老年人认为的个人和环境因素之间的相互作用。这项研究旨在探索老年社区居住成年人在访问时的经验和需求,理解,评估和使用健康相关信息。
方法:探索性,定性设计是在社会建构主义框架内使用的。对冰岛北部三个地区的20名70-96岁的成年人进行了半结构化个人访谈。使用定性内容分析将转录的访谈分为类别和子类别。
结果:出现了四个类别。“对责任的期望”描述了个人负责照顾自己的健康的经历,包括访问,理解,评估和使用信息和服务,表现出主动性并保持所需的沟通活跃。“预期和能力/背景之间的差距”包括经验,同时对不符合技能/情况的期望负责,造成信息差距。“找到自己的方式”包括各种适应的访问方式,理解,并使用信息和服务。“缩小差距”描述了需要分担责任和更易于管理的选择的经验,以便在医疗保健系统中做出合理的健康相关决策和导航。
结论:参与者重视并承担全部责任,理解,评估和使用信息和服务作为社会规范的一部分;然而,他们经历了信息差距。他们要求分担责任,提供基本的健康相关信息,作为做出合理的健康相关决策和导航医疗保健系统的重要一步。他们还要求提供更具包容性和可访问性的服务机会,以弥合差距并促进HL。有必要批判性地解决,在系统的层面上,预期的个人责任与对这一责任采取行动的选择之间的冲突。在健康方面,卫生服务和HL,强调需要分析和面对老年人经历的结构性劣势。
BACKGROUND: In previous research, older adults have been associated with reduced levels of health literacy (HL) influenced by a range of contextual factors. To optimise HL, it is essential to better understand the interactions between the ageing process and both personal and environmental factors as perceived by older adults. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of older community-dwelling adults when accessing, understanding, appraising and using health-related information.
METHODS: An explorative, qualitative design was used within the social constructivism framework. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 20 adults aged 70-96 living at home in three areas in Northern Iceland. The transcribed interviews were constructed into categories and subcategories using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS: Four categories emerged. \"Expectations for responsibility\" describes the experience that individuals are responsible for taking care of their health, including accessing, understanding, appraising and using information and services, showing initiative and keeping needed communications active. \"A gap between expectancy and ability/context\" includes experiences while taking responsibility for expectations not aligning with skills/situations, creating information gaps. \"Finding one\'s own ways\" comprises various adapted ways to access, understand, and use information and services. \"Bridging the gap\" describes experiences of needing shared responsibility and more manageable options to enable reasoned health-related decisions and navigation in the healthcare system.
CONCLUSIONS: The participants valued and took full responsibility for accessing, understanding, appraising and using information and services as part of a social norm; however, they experience information gaps. They request shared responsibility by being provided with fundamental health-related information as a vital step in making reasoned health-related decisions and navigating the healthcare system. They also request more inclusive and accessible service opportunities to bridge the gaps and facilitate HL. It is necessary to critically address, at a systematic level, the conflict between expected individual responsibility and the existence of options to act upon this responsibility. In matters of health, health services and HL, the need to analyse and confront structural disadvantages experienced by older adults is highlighted.