为了研究带有线虫囊的混合营养甲藻鞭毛虫与不同的异养原生生物和co足类之间的相互作用,由常见的异养鞭毛藻(Oxyrrrhis码头和Gyrodiniumdominans)喂养,裸纤毛虫(Strobilidiumsp.细胞长度约为35μm,Strombidinopsissp。细胞长度约为100μm),和calanoid足类动物Acartiaspp。(A.Hongi和A.Omorii)对P.shiwhaense进行了探索。此外,研究了石竹对这些异养原生生物的摄食活动。此外,O.marina的生长和摄食率,G.多米尼克,Strobilidiumsp.,Strombidinopsissp.,和Acartiaspp.作为P.shishhaense浓度的函数进行了测量。O.Marina,G.多米尼克,和Strombidinopsissp.能够以P.shishahaense为食,但是Strobilidiumsp.不是。然而,O.Marina的增长率,G.多米尼克,Strobilidiumsp.,和Strombidinopsissp.在几乎所有浓度的shiwhaense中,以shiwhaense为食都非常低或呈阴性。P.shiwhaense经常以O.码头和Strobilidiumsp。,但没有以Strombidinopsissp。和G.多米尼克。G.当与实验瓶中的滤液一起孵育时,多米尼克细胞膨胀并死亡(G.多米尼克+P.shiwhaense)已经孵化了一天。O.marina的摄食率,G.多米尼克,和Strobilidiumsp.在所有P.shiwhaense浓度下,P.shiwhaense几乎为零,而Strombidinopsissp.随着猎物浓度的增加。Strombidinopsissp。的最大摄食率。在P.shewhaense上是5.3ngC捕食者-1d-1(41细胞捕食者-1d-1),远低于文献中报道的其他混合营养鞭毛藻猎物的摄食率。随着猎物浓度的增加,Acartiaspp的摄食率。在最高的猎物浓度下,shewhaense增加到930ngCml-1(7180cellsml-1)。Acartia的摄食率最高。在P.shewhaense上是4240ngC捕食者-1d-1(32,610个细胞捕食者-1d-1),这与以前对其他鞭毛藻猎物的研究在相似的猎物浓度下计算的摄取率相当。因此,P.shiwhaense可能在海洋浮游群落中发挥不同的生态作用,因为它在对抗潜在的原生食草动物的反捕食中具有竞争浮游植物的优势。
To investigate interactions between the nematocyst-bearing mixotrophic dinoflagellate Paragymnodinium shiwhaense and different heterotrophic protist and copepod species, feeding by common heterotrophic dinoflagellates (Oxyrrhis marina and Gyrodinium dominans), naked ciliates (Strobilidium sp. approximately 35μm in cell length and Strombidinopsis sp. approximately 100μm in cell length), and calanoid copepods
Acartia spp. (A. hongi and A. omorii) on P. shiwhaense was explored. In addition, the feeding activities of P. shiwhaense on these heterotrophic protists were investigated. Furthermore, the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina, G. dominans, Strobilidium sp., Strombidinopsis sp., and
Acartia spp. as a function of P. shiwhaense concentration were measured. O. marina, G. dominans, and Strombidinopsis sp. were able to feed on P. shiwhaense, but Strobilidium sp. was not. However, the growth rates of O. marina, G. dominans, Strobilidium sp., and Strombidinopsis sp. feeding on P. shiwhaense were very low or negative at almost all concentrations of P. shiwhaense. P. shiwhaense frequently fed on O. marina and Strobilidium sp., but did not feed on Strombidinopsis sp. and G. dominans. G. dominans cells swelled and became dead when incubated with filtrate from the experimental bottles (G. dominans+P. shiwhaense) that had been incubated for one day. The ingestion rates of O. marina, G. dominans, and Strobilidium sp. on P. shiwhaense were almost zero at all P. shiwhaense concentrations, while those of Strombidinopsis sp. increased with prey concentration. The maximum ingestion rate of Strombidinopsis sp. on P. shiwhaense was 5.3ngC predator-1d-1 (41 cells predator-1d-1), which was much lower than ingestion rates reported in the literature for other mixotrophic dinoflagellate prey species. With increasing prey concentrations, the ingestion rates of
Acartia spp. on P. shiwhaense increased up to 930ngCml-1 (7180cellsml-1) at the highest prey concentration. The highest ingestion rate of
Acartia spp. on P. shiwhaense was 4240ngC predator-1d-1 (32,610 cells predator-1d-1), which is comparable to ingestion rates from previous studies on other dinoflagellate prey species calculated at similar prey concentrations. Thus, P. shiwhaense might play diverse ecological roles in marine planktonic communities by having an advantage over competing phytoplankton in anti-predation against potential protistan grazers.