丝虫是全球特有的媒介传播的寄生线虫,在热带和亚热带地区。重要的人类丝虫属。包括Onchocerca扭转,Wuchereriabancrofti和Brugiaspp.,还有LoaLoa和Mansonellaspp.导致盘尾丝虫病(河盲症),淋巴丝虫病(淋巴水肿和鞘膜积液),loiasis(眼虫),和曼森沙病,分别。据估计,超过10亿人生活在流行地区,丝虫病是公共卫生问题,导致严重的残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)。因此,世界卫生组织已经在1970年代发起了控制和消除丝虫病的努力,特别是针对淋巴丝虫病和盘尾丝虫病,并且主要基于杀微丝药(伊维菌素,二乙基卡巴嗪,阿苯达唑)到丝虫流行区,伴随着媒介控制策略,目的是减少传播。联合国可持续发展目标(SDG)决定到2030年消除盘尾丝虫病的传播,并将淋巴丝虫病作为公共卫生问题停止。还要求开发新的药物和治疗策略。小鼠模型为临床前环境中的抗丝虫药物研究提供了重要平台。这篇综述概述了Litomosoidessiggdontis和刺五加丝虫病小鼠模型及其在免疫学研究以及新型抗丝虫病药物和治疗策略的临床前研究中的作用。
Filariae are vector-borne parasitic nematodes that are endemic worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions. Important human filariae spp. include Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp., and Loa loa and Mansonella spp. causing onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (lymphedema and hydrocele), loiasis (eye worm), and mansonelliasis, respectively. It is estimated that over 1 billion individuals live in endemic regions where filarial diseases are a public health concern contributing to significant disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Thus, efforts to control and eliminate filarial diseases were already launched by the WHO in the 1970s, especially against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, and are mainly based on mass drug administration (MDA) of microfilaricidal drugs (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole) to filarial endemic areas accompanied with vector control strategies with the goal to reduce the transmission. With the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it was decided to eliminate transmission of onchocerciasis and stop lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by 2030. It was also requested that novel drugs and treatment strategies be developed. Mouse models provide an important platform for anti-filarial drug research in a preclinical setting. This review presents an overview about the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae filarial mouse models and their role in immunological research as well as preclinical studies about novel anti-filarial drugs and treatment strategies.