UNASSIGNED: Substance use disorder (SUD) poses a significant public health challenge globally, with substantial impacts on physical and social well-being. This study investigates the interplay between abstinence self-efficacy (ASE), locus of control (LOC), perceived social support (PSS), and various socio-demographic and psychosocial factors among individuals undergoing SUD rehabilitation.
UNASSIGNED: Researchers obtained permission from drug rehabilitation centers in Assam, India, and conducted orientation programs for prospective participants. A total of 144 participants, aged 18-65 years, predominantly from rural areas participated in the study. Data was collected through one-to-one interviews, covering socio-demographic history, drug abuse, and administering scales for ASE, LOC and PSS. Collected data underwent digitization and subsequent descriptive and inferential statistical analyses.
UNASSIGNED: Significant associations were found between ASE and socio-demographic variables, family dynamics, and drug use history, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in SUD rehabilitation. Disturbed family relationships were linked to diminished ASE and higher risk of relapse, emphasizing the role of family support in recovery. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between ASE and LOC, suggesting that individuals with higher ASE tend to have a more internal locus of control, which positively influences recovery outcomes. Moreover, positive correlations were found between ASE and PSS, particularly from family members, underscoring the importance of social support in fostering recovery. Regression analysis further elucidated the relationships between ASE, LOC, and PSS, emphasizing the predictive value of LOC and the impact of family support on ASE.
UNASSIGNED: Findings of this study have several implications for developing targeted interventions aimed at strengthening ASE, promoting internal locus of control, and enhancing social support systems.
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a major public health concern today, characterized by the compulsive and prolonged use of harmful psychoactive substances, leading to various physical and social dysfunctions. This study explores the relationships between abstinence self-efficacy (ASE), locus of control (LOC), perceived social support (PSS), and various socio-demographic factors in individuals undergoing SUD rehabilitation in Assam, India. The focus of the study is to find out various factors which can facilitate the process of drug rehabilitation. Data from 144 participants aged 18–65 were collected through interviews and standardized scales. Results indicate that ASE is significantly associated with socio-demographic variables, family dynamics, and drug use history. Disturbed family relationships were linked to lower ASE and higher risk of relapse, while a higher ASE was correlated with an internal LOC and greater PSS, especially from family. The study highlights the clinical significance of considering background factors like marital status, employment status, family relationship dynamics, and abstinence period in treatment planning to provide personalized care.

Theoretical and empirical models of alcohol use and misuse indicate that abstinence self-efficacy (ASE) predicts improvements in treatment outcomes among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). More recently, studies have begun examining daily fluctuations in ASE to better understand in-the-moment determinants of drinking behaviors. With the goal of assessing how ASE is implicated in maintenance (rather than changing) of hazardous drinking patterns, the current study examined daily reciprocal relations between ASE and drinking among individuals with AUD. Non-treatment seeking adults (n = 63) with AUD were recruited and completed daily surveys assessing ASE and drinking behaviors for 14 days. Data were analyzed using time-lagged multilevel modeling. Results indicated that both within- and between-person elevations in ASE predicted decreased likelihood of drinking, but only within-person ASE predicted fewer drinks consumed on drinking days. Previous-day drinking behavior was unrelated to next-day ASE; however, higher percentage of drinking days during the monitoring period (between-person) was associated with lower daily ASE. These results demonstrate that confidence in one\'s ability to abstain from drinking varies considerably across days, and that fluctuations may be implicated in daily drinking decisions. The lack of effect of previous-day drinking on ASE (combined with the significant effect of average drinking frequency) may suggest that sustained periods of reduced drinking or abstinence are necessary to impact ASE. This study points to ASE\'s role in the maintenance of daily drinking behavior among non-treatment-seeking individuals with AUD and reiterates the importance of self-efficacy in behavioral control and decision-making at the daily level.

Cross-sectional studies have shown that greater cigarette smoking-related emotion regulation expectancies were associated with retrospectively reported withdrawal during prior quit attempts and greater barriers to cessation. Few studies have investigated the relationship of within-person daily emotion regulation expectancies to factors related to initiating and maintaining a brief quit attempt.
People living in California who smoked cigarettes daily (n = 220, 50 % female; 48.5 % white, 14.6 % Hispanic, 16.7 % Black or African American, 9.6 % Asian, 7.6 % Multi-race, 3.0 % other race; mean age=43.71 years old) completed a practice quit attempt and 28-days of daily diary surveys. In the morning, participants reported non-smoking and smoking emotion regulation expectancies based on the Affective Processing Questionnaire, daily abstinence plan, abstinence self-efficacy, and cigarettes smoked. Successful abstinence plans were calculated as days with an abstinence plan and no cigarettes smoked. Multilevel models investigated whether within-person emotion regulation expectancies were associated with abstinence plan, self-efficacy, and successful abstinence plan.
Greater within-person non-smoking emotion regulation expectancies were associated with increased odds of having an abstinence plan, higher self-efficacy, and a successful abstinence plan on a given day (ps < .05). Greater within-person smoking emotion regulation expectancies were associated with lower odds of having an abstinence plan and lower self-efficacy (ps < .001) but did not significantly associate with a successful abstinence plan.
These findings show that within-person levels of expectations in emotion regulation abilities may contribute to factors relevant to initiating and achieving daily abstinence during a practice attempt.

UNASSIGNED: The internalizing of experience of stigma among patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) can be debilitating to recovery. Individual factors such as self-regulation and abstinence self-efficacy can impact confidence in recovery and hope for future.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to explore relationship among self-stigma, self-regulation, self-efficacy, optimism, and confidence in recovery of patients with early-onset SUDs.
UNASSIGNED: The study was carried out on a sample of 40 male patients with SUDs. The study had a single group exploratory design.
UNASSIGNED: The Self-Regulation Questionnaire, Drug Taking Confidence Questionnaire, Substance Abuse Self Stigma Scale, Revised Generalized Expectancy of Success (GES), and visual analog scale for craving were the measures used in the study.
UNASSIGNED: Pearson and spearman\'s correlation coefficient were used to test associations between the variables. Multiple regression models were drawn to examine predictors of generalized expectancy of success and confidence in recovery.
UNASSIGNED: Self-regulation, generalized expectancy of success (optimism), and confidence in recovery were found to be significantly correlated with self-stigma dimensions. The multiple regression model revealed self-regulation and self-devaluation as significant predictors of optimism (GES), whereas abstinence self-efficacy and values disengagement dimension of self-stigma predicted patients\' confidence in recovery.
UNASSIGNED: Poor regulatory capacities along with internalized feelings of shame, guilt, and devaluation may lead to lower levels of optimism and poorer expectancies of success from future. Patient\'s self-efficacy in terms of abstaining from use behaviors and disengagement from pursuing life goals can lead to lower levels of confidence in recovery from SUDs and have implications for treatment seeking.

Women with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often present to treatment with heightened negative emotionality, including negative affect, anxiety, stress, and depression. Negative emotionality might impact women\'s alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (AASE), or confidence in their ability to remain sober, which is an important predictor of treatment outcomes. It is also plausible that other variables, such as alcohol craving, influence AASE. The present work examined the indirect effect of negative emotionality on AASE via alcohol craving as a mediator cross-sectionally among a sample of women enrolled in AUD treatment reporting co-occurring depressive symptoms (N = 73). Participants completed baseline measures of negative emotionality (e.g. anxiety and depression symptoms, stress, negative affect), alcohol craving, and AASE. All indices of negative emotionality were positively correlated with each other and alcohol craving (r\'s ranging from 0.244 to 0.671) and all but depression were inversely associated with AASE (r\'s ranging from -0.341 to -0.234; p <.05). In separate simple mediation models, we found that alcohol craving mediated the association of each of the four measures of negative emotionality with AASE. Further longitudinal and experimental work is necessary to determine if teaching skills to cope with alcohol craving in the context of co-occurring negative emotionality might lead to better therapeutic outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Confidence in one\'s ability to achieve and maintain drug abstinence (i.e., abstinence self-efficacy) is a strong predictor of substance use treatment outcomes. Neurobehavioral factors that may interfere with abstinence self-efficacy are less well established, particularly in methamphetamine (METH). This study investigated whether apathy, which is highly prevalent during active METH use and periods of abstinence, influences abstinence self-efficacy among METH dependent individuals.
METHODS: Sixty-six participants with lifetime METH dependence and METH abuse/METH dependence diagnoses within the last 18 months (mean age [SD] = 39.5 years [10.7]), and no severe psychiatric or neurological diseases, completed the Methamphetamine Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), alongside a comprehensive neurobehavioral evaluation. The MSES presents six situations that may lead to relapse and collects self-report ratings for two subscales: \"Confidence\" (i.e., confidence in one\'s ability to abstain from using METH, or METH abstinence self-efficacy) and \"Temptation\" (i.e., how tempted one is to use METH) with regard to each situation. Apathy was measured using a composite T-score comprised of items and scales from three well-validated, self-report assessments.
RESULTS: Multivariable linear regression found that higher Apathy T-scores were significantly associated with lower Confidence ratings (i.e., poorer METH abstinence self-efficacy; p < .05), independent of potentially relevant factors (e.g., Temptation to use METH, comorbid HIV disease, and neurocognitive impairment).
CONCLUSIONS: Elevated apathy may adversely impact one\'s confidence to abstain from METH use. Findings highlight the importance of addressing apathy in order to improve METH abstinence self-efficacy, which may subsequently increase the likelihood of successful METH treatment outcomes.

Prior research suggests that personality traits change during substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. However, the extent to which changes in traits during SUD treatment are associated with subsequent improvements in treatment outcomes remains untested. Among U.S. military veterans (n = 200) enrolled in SUD residential treatment, we examined whether changes in the personality factors of positive emotionality (PEM), negative emotionality (NEM), and constraint (CON) during treatment were associated with subsequent changes in abstinence self-efficacy and SUD symptoms. We analyzed data at treatment entry, discharge, and 12-months post-discharge via univariate and bivariate latent change score models. During treatment, PEM, CON, and abstinence self-efficacy increased, while NEM decreased, on average. Changes in NEM and CON were largely sustained, whereas PEM and abstinence self-efficacy significantly decreased post-treatment. SUD symptoms decreased from pre- to post-treatment. In bivariate models, higher levels of NEM at baseline were associated with less improvement in both abstinence self-efficacy during treatment and SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment. Higher levels of CON at baseline were associated with greater improvement in SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment, and increases in CON during treatment were associated with greater retention of treatment gains in abstinence self-efficacy post-treatment. Greater improvements in CON during treatment were also associated with greater improvements in SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment in unadjusted (p = 0.041) but not adjusted models (p = 0.089). Our findings suggest that personality changes marked by improvements in impulse control over the course of SUD treatment may be linked to subsequent improvements in treatment outcomes and may have value as a proximal treatment target among SUD patients during residential care.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate a communication skills program based on nonviolent communication targeted on inpatient alcoholics at the alcoholics specialized ward.
METHODS: The sample for this mixed methods quasi-experimental study comprised 47 patients who were hospitalized in the alcoholic wards of two psychiatric hospitals in South Korea.
RESULTS: The program effectively improved participants\' empathy, anger expression, communication competence, and alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: This program could be implemented in community-based alcoholic care with the aim of preventing relapse and serve as the basis for developing similar programs for family members.

The purpose of the current study was to explore ethnic differences in drug abstinence self-efficacy among recovering individuals. Levels of abstinence self-efficacy among African Americans and European Americans increased, decreased, and then increased again over the year. Drug abstinence self-efficacy remained stable over time among Latinos in this study. It is possible that, although they have reported positive experiences in Oxford House, Latinos may not receive the same benefits other groups gain from participation in Oxford House. Another possible explanation for the lack of change in abstinence selfefficacy among Latinos in Oxford House may be that factors outside the house and support networks may lower expectations for recovery. These factors may include inability to find work, experiences of discrimination, or lack of access to care. Future research needs to explore the social networks of Latinos in Oxford House as well as the experiences of this ethnic group in this program and in the community.

The relationship between abstinence self-efficacy and substance use at 2 years was examined among a sample (N = 470) of persons with substance use disorders and recent incarceration histories. Participants were assigned to residential (therapeutic community/TC or Oxford House) or nonresidential (usual care) conditions. The authors hypothesized abstinence self-efficacy would predict decreased substance use, and residential treatments would moderate this relationship. A conditional effect was observed, with low levels of abstinence self-efficacy predicting significant increases in substance use in the TC and usual care conditions. Supplemental analyses revealed significant decreases in substance use over time among participants in the Oxford House condition, and a significant conditional effect (gender x treatment condition) in relation to substance use. Findings point to the need for researchers to examine factors that mitigate the relationship between abstinence self-efficacy and substance use outcomes, and for treatment providers to consider the Oxford House model for this population.