The \"non-recurrent\" course of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) is an anatomical variant which must be borne in mind during thyroid surgery. The \"non-recurrent\" course of the ILN on the right side is associated with the aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria), and, on the left, is described in situs viscerum inversus. We present a case in which the \"arteria lusoria\" was not associated with the non-recurrent right ILN. The aims of this paper are to report this \"anomaly of the anomaly\" to surgeons who may be unaware of it on the one hand and on the other to emphasize that this is the only case so far reported in the literature. Moreover we proposed to explain embryologically these unexpected findings.