The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and Analytic Network Process (ANP) methods are widely used for decision-making across various fields, and have shown success in numerous applications within human resource management (HRM). The purpose of this study is to present a systematic literature review on the applications of AHP, FAHP, and ANP in human resource management. The search process encompassed two main online databases, Scopus and Web of Science. This research covers a total of 180 application papers. To help readers extract quick and meaningful information, references are summarized in tabular format. The results showed that these methods have been applied in various domains of HRM such as performance management and appraisal, selecting human resources, talent attraction and retention, intellectual capital, workplace safety, reward management, e-HRM, green HRM, etc. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive research review has yet been conducted on the applications of AHP in HRM.

Over the last four decades, cardiac natriuretic peptides have changed our understanding of patients with chronic heart failure. From the discovery of the heart as an endocrine organ with its own hormones and receptors, the biochemistry and physiology of the system have been translated into useful biomarkers and drug targets in cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to provide medical researchers not working in the field with a simple introduction to the system and its molecular components, its quantitative methods, and its physiology and pathophysiology. The hope is that this overview may help to broaden the knowledge of the endocrine heart with the intent that researchers in other areas of medical research will be inspired to seek new facets of the system, both in translational science and in clinical practice.

The health sector is one of the components of development, social welfare and economic growth. The purpose of this study was to develop an economic evaluation model of the environmental and health costs of occupational diseases by hybrid approach. To achieve the study goal, a taxonomy of economic evaluation model of the environmental and health costs of occupational diseases has been developed. The Delphi method was used to identify health and environmental criteria and the analytic network process (ANP) method was used to weigh the sub-criteria. Finally, health and environmental cost were estimated based on the available information. Naft Subspecialty Hospital in Tehran, Iran (NSHT), was selected as the place of case study. In this study, eight and eleven sub-criteria were identified in the health and environmental sector, respectively. The ANP results indicated that the medicine and medical equipment cost criteria with a weight of 0.312 in the Medical sector, and the special and infectious waste cost criteria with a weight of 0.085 in the environmental sector were the most significant cost criteria in NSHT. Furthermore, the parametric model findings indicated that 99.84 and 0.16% of the total costs are associated with health and environmental costs, respectively. The findings indicated that 61.3% of the costs of the health sector were associated with the two sectors of medicine and medical equipment and the cost-of-service personnel, and 91.7% of the costs of the environmental sector are associated with wastewater treatment and the cost of electricity consumption. This study tried to present a quantitative model of the health and environmental costs of NSHT. Implemention of this integrated model can be a practical and effective step in allocating resources and prioritize interventions.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has proven to be protective in animal models of lung disease but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is mainly produced in the heart. As ANP possesses potent vaso- and bronchodilatory effects in pulmonary disease, we hypothesised that the protective functions of GLP-1 could involve potentiation of local ANP secretion from the lung. We examined whether the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide was able to improve oxygenation in lungs exposed to 2 h of warm ischemia and if liraglutide stimulated ANP secretion from the lungs in the porcine ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) model. Pigs were given a bolus of 40 µg/kg liraglutide or saline 1 h prior to sacrifice. The lungs were then left in vivo for 2 h, removed en bloc and placed in the EVLP machinery. Lungs from the liraglutide treated group were further exposed to liraglutide in the perfusion buffer (1.125 mg). Main endpoints were oxygenation capacity, and plasma and perfusate concentrations of proANP and inflammatory markers. Lung oxygenation capacity, plasma concentrations of proANP or concentrations of inflammatory markers were not different between groups. ProANP secretion from the isolated perfused lungs were markedly higher in the liraglutide treated group (area under curve for the first 30 min in the liraglutide group: 635 ± 237 vs. 38 ± 38 pmol/L x min in the saline group) (p < 0.05). From these results, we concluded that liraglutide potentiated local ANP secretion from the lungs.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) well-being, satisfaction and motivation over a four-year period.
METHODS: Longitudinal Cohort study.
METHODS: Surveys were carried out each year from 2019 to 2022 with the same cohort of ANPs in the United Kingdom (UK). The survey consisted of demographics, questions on contemporary issues in advanced practice, National Health Service (NHS) staff survey questions and validated questionnaires. A core set of questions were asked every year with some changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS: Response rate ranged from 40% to 59% and appeared to be affected by COVID-19. Staff satisfaction with pay and the well-being score were stable throughout. Other questions on well-being, job satisfaction and motivation saw statistically significant reductions after 4 years. Open-ended questions about ongoing well-being concerns show participants are concerned about exhaustion levels caused by workload, staffing issues, abuse from patients and colleagues\' mental health.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight a decline in ANP well-being, job satisfaction and motivation post-COVID-19. Reasons for this, explored in the qualitative data, show that ANPs have faced extremely difficult working conditions. Urgent action is required to prevent a workforce retention crisis as many nursing staff are close to retirement and may not be motivated to remain in post.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has followed ANPs through the most challenging years the NHS has ever seen. Job satisfaction, motivation and enjoyment of the job all significantly reduced over time. In many areas, the ANP role has been used to fill medical workforce gaps, and this will become harder to do if ANPs are dissatisfied, disaffected and struggling with stress and burnout. Addressing these issues should be a priority for policymakers and managers.
UNASSIGNED: None as this study focussed on staff. Staff stakeholders involved in the design and conduct of the study.

Recent studies have underscored the cardioprotective properties of liraglutide. This research explores its impact on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We found that liraglutide administration markedly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and function. These benefits correlated with increased ANP expression and reduced activity in the calcineurin A/NFATc3 signaling pathway. Moreover, liraglutide mitigated ER stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy. Notably, the positive effects of liraglutide diminished when co-administered with A71915, an ANP inhibitor, suggesting that ANP upregulation is critical to its cardioprotective mechanism.

Natriuretic peptides (NP) have multiple actions benefitting cardiovascular and metabolic health. Although many of these are mediated by Guanylyl Cyclase (GC) receptors NPR1 and NPR2, their role and relative importance in vivo is unclear. The intracellular mediator of NPR1 and NPR2, cGMP, circulates in plasma and can be used to examine relationships between receptor activity and tissue responses targeted by NPs. Plasma cGMP was measured in 348 participants previously recruited in a multidisciplinary community study (CHALICE) at age 50 years at a single centre. Associations between bio-active NPs and bio-inactive aminoterminal products with cGMP, and of cGMP with tissue response, were analysed using linear regression. Mediation of associations by NPs was assessed by Causal Mediation Analysis (CMA). ANP\'s contribution to cGMP far exceed those of other NPs. Modelling across three components (demographics, NPs and cardiovascular function) shows that ANP and CNP are independent and positive predictors of cGMP. Counter intuitively, findings from CMA imply that in specific tissues, NPR1 responds more to BNP stimulation than ANP. Collectively these findings align with longer tissue half-life of BNP, and direct further therapeutic interventions towards extending tissue activity of ANP and CNP.

BACKGROUND: Atrial Fibrillation (AF), a prevalent arrhythmic condition, is intricately associated with atrial fibrosis, a major pathological contributor. Central to the development of atrial fibrosis is myocardial inflammation. This study focuses on Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and its role in mitigating atrial fibrosis, aiming to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which ANP exerts its effects, with an emphasis on fibroblast dynamics.
RESULTS: The study involved forty Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four groups: control, Angiotensin II (Ang II), Ang II + ANP, and ANP only. The administration of 1 µg/kg/min Ang II was given to Ang II and Ang II + ANP groups, while both Ang II + ANP and ANP groups received 0.1 µg/kg/min ANP intravenously for a duration of 14 days. Cardiac fibroblasts were used for in vitro validation of the proposed mechanisms. The study observed that rats in the Ang II and Ang II + ANP groups showed an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in body weight, more pronounced in the Ang II group. Diastolic dysfunction, a characteristic of the Ang II group, was alleviated by ANP. Additionally, ANP significantly reduced Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis, myofibroblast proliferation, collagen overexpression, macrophage infiltration, and the elevated expression of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Tenascin-C (TN-C). Transcriptomic sequencing indicated enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling in the Ang II group. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that ANP, along with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, effectively reduced PI3K/Akt pathway activation and the expression of TN-C, collagen-I, and collagen-III, which were induced by Ang II.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates ANP\'s potential in inhibiting myocardial inflammation and reducing atrial fibrosis. Notably, ANP\'s effect in countering atrial fibrosis seems to be mediated through the suppression of the Ang II-induced PI3K/Akt-Tenascin-C signaling pathway. These insights enhance our understanding of AF pathogenesis and position ANP as a potential therapeutic agent for treating atrial fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac injury caused by iron overload is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with beta-thalassemia, owing to frequent blood transfusion, increased iron overload, and blood hemolysis.
OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to assess several novel cardiac biomarkers in the blood samples of children and adult patients with beta-thalassemia major (βTM), along with their respective control groups. These biomarkers included endothelin 1 (ET-1), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), and renalase (RNLS).
METHODS: This case-control study was done on 46 patients with βTM (23 children <18 years, and 23 adults ≥18 years) from the Genetic Hematology Center in Thi-Qar province, Iraq, and 42 comparable controls in 2 groups (21 for each group) in the period from February to April 2023.
RESULTS: Levels of ET-1, NT-proBNP, ANP, GDF-15, RNLS, and ferritin were higher in the children and adults with βTM than in the control subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: Elevations of the novel cardiac biomarkers ET-1, NT-proBNP, ANP, GDF-15, and RNLS in the sera of children and adult patients with βTM when compared with comparable control subjects confirm that the majority of patients with βTM are at risk of cardiac and cardiovascular complications even when there are no obvious symptoms, especially in children, which gives suitable predictive biomarkers.

This study evaluates the effectiveness and reliability of Multi-scale Multiphysics Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Simulation Environments. A literature review and bibliometric analysis were conducted to identify the most widely used SLM Simulation Environments. The effectiveness of simulation environments was assessed through a SWOT analysis enhanced by an Analytic Network Process (ANP). The reliability of simulation environments was analysed through a design of experiment (DoE). The DoE solely assessed the ability of these environments to accurately predict part distortion. The results showed that the most robust SLM process simulation modelling systems are Ansys Additive Print, Comsol, Simufact Additive, Netfabb, and Simulia.