由于极端使用化学肥料(CF),因此在谷物灌浆问题上,改善保留的耕作系统中的谷物灌浆至关重要。在广西大学实验站进行了田间试验,中国在2019年检验了牛粪(CM)和禽粪(PM)结合CF可以提高水稻籽粒灌浆速率的假设,产量,生化和定性属性。总共6种治疗方法,即,无肥料(T1),100%CF(T2),60%CM+40%CF(T3),30%CM+70%CF(T4),60%PM+40%CF(T5),本研究使用30%PM+70%CF(T6)。结果表明,联合处理T6增加了淀粉代谢酶活性(SME),如ADP-葡萄糖磷酸化酶(ADGPase)的8%和12%,可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)的7%和10%,颗粒结合淀粉合成(GBSS)分别提高7%和9%,和淀粉分支酶(SBE)在早季和晚季分别下降了14%和21%,分别,与T2相比。同样,较高的水稻籽粒产量,籽粒灌浆速率,淀粉,和直链淀粉含量也记录在联合处理中。就季节而言,中小企业活动较高,谷物淀粉,与早季相比,晚季直链淀粉含量明显。这些性状的增加主要归因于灌浆期后期的温度较低。此外,我们的结果表明,淀粉积累和籽粒灌浆速率的增加主要与通过调节Suc到淀粉转化的关键酶活性而增强的库容量有关。此外,RT-qPCR分析显示AGPS2b的表达水平较高,SSS1、GBSS1和GBSE11b基因,结果增加了中小企业在综合处理下的灌浆期的活动。线性回归分析显示,ADGPase的活性,SSS,GBSS,SBE与淀粉和直链淀粉的积累呈高度正相关。因此,我们得出的结论是,在提高水稻产量和品质方面,将来自PM或CM的30%N与来自CF的70%N的组合是一个有希望的选择。我们的研究提供了可持续的肥料管理策略,以最低的环境成本提高水稻的产量和质量。
Improving grain filling in the presernt farming systems is crucial where grain filling is a concern due to the extreme use of chemical fertilizers (CF). A field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Guangxi University, China in 2019 to test the hypothesis that cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) combined with CF could improve rice grain filling rate, yield, biochemical and qualitative attributes. A total of six treatments, i.e., no fertilizer (T1), 100% CF (T2), 60% CM + 40% CF (T3), 30% CM + 70% CF (T4), 60% PM + 40% CF (T5), and 30% PM + 70% CF (T6) were used in this study. Results showed that the combined treatment T6increased starch metabolizing enzymes activity (SMEs), such as ADP-glucose phosphorylase (ADGPase) by 8 and 12%, soluble starch synthase (SSS) by 7 and 10%, granule bound starch synthesis (GBSS) by 7 and 9%, and starch branching enzyme (SBE) by 14 and 21% in the early and late seasons, respectively, compared with T2. Similarly, higher rice grain yield, grain filling rate, starch, and amylose content were also recorded in combined treatments. In terms of seasons, higher activity of SMEs , grain starch, and amylose content was noted in the late-season compared to the early season. The increment in these traits was mainly attributed to a lower temperature in the late season during the grain filling period. Furthermore, our results suggested that an increment in starch accumulation and grain filling rate were mainly associated with the enhanced sink capacity by regulating key enzyme activities involved in Suc-to-starch conversion. In-addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed higher expression levels of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b genes, which resultantly increased the activities of SMEs during the grain filling period under combined treatments. Linear regression analysis revealed that the activity of ADGPase, SSS, GBSS, and SBE were highly positively correlated with starch and amylose accumulation. Thus, we concluded that a combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF is a promising option in terms of improving rice grain yield and quality. Our study provides a sustainable fertilizer management strategy to enhance rice grain yield and quality at the lowest environmental cost.