OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) across diverse donor groups in the Najran province. Additionally, to establish a potential association between the development of TTI and the donors\' blood group, as determined by the ABO/Rh blood grouping system.
METHODS: Blood donation data of 4120 donors, spanning from January to December 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. The blood were screened for TTI markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc), anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), anti-human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (anti-HIV1&2), anti-human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (anti-HTLV-1&2), and syphilis antigen.
RESULTS: Positive TTI markers were detected in 10.9% of the donors. The most detected TTI marker was anti-HBc (8.9%), followed by HBsAg (0.7%). Other markers were individually detected in <1% of the donors. Anti-HBc-positive was significantly elevated among non-Saudi blood donors. There was an association between age groups and anti-HCV (p=0.002), anti-HTLV (p=0.004) and syphilis antigen (p=0.02) markers positivity. The AB positive blood group exhibited the most positivity for TTI markers, followed by O positive blood group. Similarly, association was found between ABO group and HBsAg (p=0.01), anti-HBc (p=0.001), and anti-HCV (p<0.001) markers positivity.
CONCLUSIONS: Emphasis on implementing robust screening measures for donated blood is underscored by this study. There is the need for future study to extensively evaluate TTI status to enhance our understanding of the trend in TTI.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis evaluated the association of ABO blood type on central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CRT).
METHODS: Data were derived from 8477 patients at Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 and articles previously published in Chinese and English databases. Data from our hospital were collected by reviewing electronic medical records. Searched databases included CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and OVID (up to July 2023). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 and Revman 5.3. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust the α test level for reducing the risk of I errors in the multiple comparisons. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continuous variables were analyzed using a two-independent sample T test. The chi-squared test was used to analyze categorical data.
RESULTS: A total of 818 studies were identified in the search. However, only four studies met the inclusion criteria. Combined with data from our hospital, five studies were included with a total of 18407 cases. Those studies only focused on peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). According to the data from our hospital, logistic regression revealed that myelosuppression [odds ratio (OR), 1.473; P = 0.005) and radiotherapy(OR, 1.524; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for symptomatic PICC- VTE. Blood types A (OR, 1.404; P = 0.008), B (OR, 1.393; P = 0.016), and AB (OR, 1.861; P<0.001) were associated with a significantly higher risk of symptomatic PICC-VTE than blood type O. And the hematologic tumor has a significantly higher risk of PICC-VTE than breast cancer (OR, 0.149; P < 0.001), and gynecological tumor (OR, 0.386; P = 0.002). In the meta-analysis of the association between ABO blood type and PICC related thrombosis, the I2 statistic was not significant in any of the pairwise comparisons, and a fixed-effects model was subsequently used for all analyses. The meta-analysis indicated that the incidence of symptomatic PICC related thrombosis was significantly lower in individuals with the O blood type (3.30%) than in those with the A (4.92%), B (5.20%), or AB (6.58%) blood types (all P < 0.0083). However, in the pairwise comparisons among A, B, and AB, the differences were nonsignificant (P > 0.0083).
CONCLUSIONS: According to the results from our single center analysis, we found that myelosuppression, radiotherapy, hematologic tumor, and non-O blood type were independent risk factors for symptomatic PICC related thrombosis. In the meta-analysis of further exploration of ABO blood type and PICC related thrombosis, we found that ABO blood type may influence PICC related thrombosis, and individuals with the O blood type had a lower risk of PICC related thrombosis than those with non-O blood type.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism underlying an individual with A3 phenotype.
METHODS: A 27-year-old ethnic Han Chinese woman presented at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University on May 12, 2022 was selected as the study subject. ABO blood type was determined with standard serological techniques. The ABO gene was subjected to direct sequencing of PCR products. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were sequenced using specific primers to determine the haplotypes. Bioinformatic software was used to analyze the structure of the mutant protein.
RESULTS: Serological typing of the ABO blood group has suggested a rare A3 phenotype. The proband was found to harbor heterozygous c.261delG, c.467C>T and c.745C>T variants by direct sequencing. Single strand sequencing revealed that she has harbored ABO*A3.07 and ABO*O.01.01 alleles. The ABO*A3.07 allele has contained a c.745C>T (p.R249W) variant on the background of an ABO*A1.02 allele. The p.R249W substitution was predicted to be probably damaging by the PolyPhen2 software. The free energy change (ΔΔG) value predicted it to have a destabilizing effect on the GTA protein. Meanwhile, modeling of the 3D structure has predicted that the p.R249W amino acid substitution may alter the hydrogen bond network of the GTA protein.
CONCLUSIONS: The p.R249W substitution of the α-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene may reduce the antigen expression owing to a great destabilizing effect on the structure and function of the GTA protein.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the serological characteristics and genetic variant in a Chinese pedigree with Bw subtype.
METHODS: A 32-year-old female proband who had undergone prenatal examination on December 10, 2020 at the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force and five members from her pedigree were selected as the study subjects. Peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to ABO blood group phenotyping with serological methods and ABO blood group genotyping with fluorescent PCR. Genetic testing and haplotype analysis were carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding region of the ABO gene in the proband and cloned sequencing of exons 1-7.
RESULTS: The blood type serology of the proband showed Bw, and her ABO blood type genotype determined by fluorescence PCR was B/O. The direct sequencing results showed that the proband had matched the ABO*O.01.01/ABO*B.01 genotype and carried a c.1A>G variant. Cloned sequencing has confirmed the c.1A>G variant to have occurred in the ABO*B.01 allele. Family analysis revealed that the mother of the proband had an O blood type, her husband had a B phenotype, and her three children had a normal B blood type. DNA sequencing showed that the two sons of the proband had a genotype of ABO*B.01 and c.1A>G/ABO*B.01. The daughter of the proband was ABO*O.01.01/ABO*B.01, whilst her mother was ABO*O.01.01/ABO *O.01.02. The novel c.1A>G variant sequence has been registered with the database with a number MZ076785 1.
CONCLUSIONS: The novel c.1A>G variant of exon 1 of α- 1,3 galactose aminotransferase gene probably underlay the reduced expression of B antigen in this pedigree.

UNASSIGNED: Patients with sensitization and blood type O experience increased waiting times for deceased-donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). While allocation benefits are needed to resolve inequity in DDKT opportunity, whether DDKT has comparable outcomes in this disadvantaged population requires further study. This study assessed these outcomes and developed a new allocation system that balances equity and utility.
UNASSIGNED: Patients from national and hospital cohorts from two centers in Korea were categorized as B1 to B4 (according to panel reactive antibody [PRA] positivity and ABO blood type) and A1 to A4 (based on the maximal PRA% and blood type), respectively. Competing risk and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of PRA and blood type on graft failure and mortality, respectively. Based on DDKT opportunities and posttransplant outcomes, a new scoring system for kidney allocation was developed.
UNASSIGNED: The national and hospital cohorts included 3,311 and 819 patients, respectively, who underwent DDKT. Despite the disparities in DDKT opportunities, the graft failure rates and mortality did not differ among the different PRA and blood type groups. Furthermore, posttransplantation outcomes did not differ according to the categories with different DDKT opportunities. A new scoring system to provide additional points to disadvantaged populations was developed based on the hazard ratios for DDKT.
UNASSIGNED: A new allocation approach based on PRA and ABO blood types offers benefits to disadvantaged patients with fewer DDKT opportunities and could enhance equity without sacrificing utility in Korea, which has a long waiting time for DDKT.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution characteristics of Rh phenotype in pregnant and postpartum women in Chongqing area, and to explore the clinical significance of Rh phenotype in pregnant and postpartum women and the feasibility of Rh phenotype compatible blood transfusion.
METHODS: The ABO blood group and Rh phenotype of 65 161 pregnant and postpartum women were detected by microcolumn gel method, and 48 122 males in the same period were taken as controls. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test.
RESULTS: There were 112 870 cases (99.64%) of RhD+ in 113 283 samples. In RhD+ cases, CCDee (48.39%) and CcDEe (32.88%) were the main phenotypes. The first case of D-- phenotype in Chongqing area was detected. 413 cases (0.36%) of RhD- were detected, with ccdee (52.78%) and Ccdee (33.41%) as the main phenotypes. Compared with RhD- group, RhD+ group showed statistically significant difference in Rh phenotype distribution (P < 0.01). Among 65 161 maternal samples, the positive rate of 5 antigens of Rh blood group from high to low was D > e > C > c > E, and there was no significant difference compared with male samples (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of Rh phenotype between males and pregnant/postpartum women, as well as between pregnant/postpartum women with different ABO blood groups (P >0.05). In pregnant and postpartum women, there was no significant difference in distribution of Rh phenotype among the normal pregnancy population, the population with adverse pregnancy history, the population using human assisted reproductive technology (ART) and the population with infertility (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of Rh phenotype between the 4 populations mentioned above and the inpatients in the local general Grade A hospitals and the blood donors (P >0.05). In RhD positive pregnant and postpartum women, the probability of finding compatible blood for CcDEe phenotype was 100%, the probability of finding compatible blood for CCDee, CcDee and CCDEe phenotypes was 45%-60%, the probability of finding compatible blood for ccDEE, ccDEe and CcDEE phenotypes was 5%-10%, and the probability of finding compatible blood for other phenotypes was lower than 0.5%. The supply of blood with CCDee and ccDEE phenotypes can meet the compatible transfusions requirements of 7 Rh phenotypes in more than 99% of patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Rh phenotype detection should be carried out for pregnant and postpartum women, and it is feasible to carry out Rh phenotype-matched or compatible blood transfusion for pregnant and postpartum women who need blood transfusion.
UNASSIGNED: 孕产妇Rh表型分布特征及相容性输血的可行性探讨.
UNASSIGNED: 分析重庆地区孕产妇Rh表型分布特征，探讨Rh表型在孕产妇中的临床意义及实行Rh表型相容性输血的可行性。.
UNASSIGNED: 采用微柱凝胶法对65 161例孕产妇进行ABO血型和Rh表型检测，以同期48 122例男性为对照，通过χ2检验对数据进行比较分析。.
UNASSIGNED: 113 283例样本中，RhD+ 112 870例（99.64%），以CCDee（48.39%）和CcDEe（32.88%）为主要表型，并检出重庆地区首例Rh缺失型D--表型；RhD-413例（0.36%），以ccdee（52.78%）和Ccdee（33.41%）为主要表型；RhD+组与RhD-组的Rh表型分布差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。在65 161例孕产妇中，Rh 5种抗原的阳性率由高到低为D>e>C>c>E，与男性相比差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；孕产妇Rh表型分布与男性相比差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；不同ABO血型的孕产妇间Rh表型分布差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。在孕产妇中，正常妊娠人群、有不良流产史人群、采用人类辅助生殖技术人群和不孕症患者人群间Rh表型分布无明显差异（P >0.05）， 4个孕产妇人群与本地区综合性三甲医院住院患者和献血者相比，Rh表型分布差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。RhD阳性孕产妇中，CcDEe表型找到相容性血液的概率为100%，CCDee、CcDee和CCDEe表型找到相容血液的概率为45%-60%，ccDEE、ccDEe、CcDEE表型找到相容血液的概率为5%-10%，其余表型的相容概率均低于0.5%；提供CCDee和ccDEE两个表型的血液即可满足99%以上患者7种Rh表型相容性输血需求。.
UNASSIGNED: 应对孕产妇进行Rh表型检测，对需要输血的孕产妇推行Rh表型相同或相容性输血是切实可行的输血举措。.

Short-term exposure to air pollutants may contribute to an increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study assessed the role of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as fine and coarse PM (PM10) air pollution in ACS events and the effect of blood groups on this phenomenon. A retrospectively collected database of 9026 patients was evaluated. The study design was a case-crossover using a conditional logistic regression model. The main analysis focused on PM2.5 levels with a 1 day lag until the ACS event, using threshold-modelled predictor for all patients. Secondary analyses utilized separate threshold-modelled predictors for 2-7-days moving averages and for patients from specific ABO blood groups. Additional analysis was performed with the non-threshold models and for PM10 levels. Short-term exposure to increased PM2.5 and PM10 levels at a 1-day lag was associated with elevated risks of ACS (PM2.5: OR = 1.012 per + 10 µg/m3, 95% CI 1.003, 1.021; PM10: OR = 1.014 per + 10 µg/m3, CI 1.002, 1.025) for all patients. Analysis showed that exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of ACS at a 1-day lag for the A, B or AB group (OR = 1.012 per + 10 µg/m3, CI 1.001, 1.024), but not O group (OR = 1.011 per + 10 µg/m3, CI 0.994, 1.029). Additional analysis showed positive associations between exposure to PM10 and risk of ACS, with 7-days moving average models stratified by blood group revealing that exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with elevated risk of ACS for patients with group O. Short-term exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with elevated risk of ACS. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was positively associated with the risk of ACS for patients with A, B, or AB blood groups for a 1-day lag, while risk in O group was delayed to 7 days.

UNASSIGNED: ABO blood group system has been clinically related to an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Preliminary data relating Rhesus (Rh) factor and these outcomes also have been published. Our aim was to analyse the impact of blood group on the short and long-term outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
UNASSIGNED: From 2012 to 2019, patients from a referral centre who underwent CEA for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis were prospectively followed. Our primary outcomes were long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were perioperative complications and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). Median follow-up was 50 months (interquartile range 21-69). Time-to-event analysis was used to determine the effect of ABO and Rh groups in long-term outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: One hundred and eighty-four patients were included, with a mean age of 70.1 ± 9.1 years. Eighteen (25.7%) patients with O type and 48 (42.1%) patients with non-O type presented coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.313, 5-95% confidence interval (CI) 1.245-4.297, p = .008). Patients Rh+ presented significantly more congestive heart failure, 23 (14.7%), p = .03. The incidence of MACE in the long-term was higher in non-O patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.034; CI: 1.032-4.010, p = .040). Rh- patients, presented a higher incidence of perioperative MINS. However, there was no statistically significant association with long-term risk of MACE.
UNASSIGNED: The incidence of MACE in long-term analysis was higher in non-O blood type and 30-day MINS was significantly more common amongst Rh- patients. The benefit from a more complete preoperative cardiac study in these patients should be performed.

Blood group is a potential genetic element in coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between different ABO blood groups and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is poorly understood. This study verified whether ABO blood group is a potential MINS influencing factor. This retrospective cohort study included 1201 patients who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery and a mandatory troponin test on postoperative days 1 and 2 from 2019 to 2020 at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was associations between ABO blood groups and MINS, assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic-regression analyses. Path analysis was used to investigate direct and indirect effects between blood group and MINS. MINS incidence (102/1201, 8.5%) was higher in blood-type B patients than in non-B patients [blood-type B: 44/400 (11.0%) vs. non-B: 58/801 (7.2%); adjusted odds ratio = 1.57 (1.03-2.38); p = 0.036]. In the confounding factor model, preoperative hypertension and coronary artery disease medical history were associated with MINS risk [adjusted odds ratio: 2.00 (1.30-3.06), p = 0.002; 2.81 (1.71-4.61), p < 0.001, respectively]. Path analysis did not uncover any mediating role for hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease between blood type and MINS. Therefore, blood-type B is associated with higher MINS risk; potential mediators of this association need to be investigated.

The relationship between blood group and rebleeding in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood group O and clinical outcomes in patients with ALGIB. The study included 2336 patients with ALGIB whose bleeding source was identified during initial endoscopy (from the CODE BLUE-J Study). The assessed outcomes encompassed rebleeding and other clinical parameters. The rebleeding rates within 30 days in patients with blood group O and those without blood group O were 17.9% and 14.9%, respectively. Similarly, the rates within 1 year were 21.9% for patients with blood group O and 18.2% for those without blood group O. In a multivariate analysis using age, sex, vital signs at presentation, blood test findings, comorbidities, antithrombotic medication, active bleeding, and type of endoscopic treatment as covariates, patients with blood group O exhibited significantly higher risks for rebleeding within 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.65; P = 0.024) and 1 year (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04-1.61; P = 0.020) compared to those without blood group O. However, the thrombosis and mortality rates did not differ significantly between blood group O and non-O patients. In patients with ALGIB, blood group O has been identified as an independent risk factor for both short- and long-term rebleeding.