背景:代谢可塑性赋予癌细胞在信号传导途径之间转移的能力,以促进其生长和存活。这项研究调查了葡萄糖剥夺在存在和不存在β-羟基丁酸(BHB)在生长中的作用,死亡,氧化应激与肺癌细胞的干性特征。
结果:A549细胞暴露于各种葡萄糖条件,有和没有β-羟基丁酸(BHB),评估它们对细胞凋亡的影响,线粒体膜电位,使用流式细胞术的活性氧(ROS)水平,通过定量PCR检测CD133、CD44、SOX-9和β-Catenin的表达。超氧化物歧化酶的活性,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,和丙二醛使用比色法进行评估。用治疗剂量的BHB治疗引发A549细胞凋亡,特别是在适应葡萄糖剥夺的细胞中。升高的ROS水平,与SOD和GPx水平降低相结合,表明氧化应激有助于BHB诱导的细胞停滞。值得注意的是,在葡萄糖限制条件下的BHB治疗显着降低CD133表达,提示通过下调CD133水平可能抑制细胞存活。此外,线粒体膜电位的同时降低和ROS水平的增加表明在这种环境下可能产生氧化应激条件以阻碍肿瘤细胞的生长。
结论:诱导的细胞死亡,BHB给药后,除癌症干细胞标志物水平减弱外,氧化应激和线粒体损伤强调了癌细胞代谢可塑性的独特作用,并提出了通过代谢燃料控制癌细胞生长的可能治疗方法。
BACKGROUND: Metabolic plasticity gives cancer cells the ability to shift between signaling pathways to facilitate their growth and survival. This study investigates the role of glucose deprivation in the presence and absence of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in growth, death, oxidative stress and the stemness features of lung cancer cells.
RESULTS: A549 cells were exposed to various glucose conditions, both with and without beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), to evaluate their effects on apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using flow cytometry, and the expression of CD133, CD44, SOX-9, and β-Catenin through Quantitative PCR. The activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde was assessed using colorimetric assays. Treatment with therapeutic doses of BHB triggered apoptosis in A549 cells, particularly in cells adapted to glucose deprivation. The elevated ROS levels, combined with reduced levels of SOD and GPx, indicate that oxidative stress contributes to the cell arrest induced by BHB. Notably, BHB treatment under glucose-restricted conditions notably decreased CD133 expression, suggesting a potential inhibition of cell survival through the downregulation of CD133 levels. Additionally, the simultaneous decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in ROS levels indicate the potential for creating oxidative stress conditions to impede tumor cell growth in such environmental settings.
CONCLUSIONS: The induced cell death, oxidative stress and mitochondria impairment beside attenuated levels of cancer stem cell markers following BHB administration emphasize on the distinctive role of metabolic plasticity of cancer cells and propose possible therapeutic approaches to control cancer cell growth through metabolic fuels.