纤维化,导致各种器官的结构硬化和功能退化,其特征是含有胶原蛋白的结缔组织的过度产生和积累,α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA),等。在传统医学中,药用植物或草药的提取物已用于治疗各种纤维化疾病。这篇叙述性综述的目的是讨论迷迭香酸(RA)和含有RA的植物提取物的抗纤维化作用,正如在各种实验模型中观察到的那样。RA,以及Hederacea的提取物,Melissaofficinalis,Elsholtziaciliata,Lycopuslucidus,罗勒,夏枯草,丹参(迷迭香),丹参,和紫苏,已经被证明可以减轻肝脏的纤维化,肾脏,心,肺,和实验动物模型的腹部。它们的抗纤维化作用与氧化应激的减弱有关,炎症,细胞激活,上皮-间质转化,和纤维化基因表达。RA治疗激活的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ),5\'AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK),和核因子红系2相关因子2(NRF2),同时抑制转化生长因子β(TGF-β)和Wnt信号通路。有趣的是,据报道含有RA并表现出抗纤维化活性的大多数植物属于唇形科。这表明RA是唇形科植物的抗纤维化作用的活性成分,并且这些植物是RA的有用来源。总之,越来越多的科学证据支持RA和唇形科植物提取物在减轻纤维化和维持病理条件下各种器官的结构结构和正常功能方面的有效性。
Fibrosis, which causes structural hardening and functional degeneration in various organs, is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of connective tissue containing collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), etc. In traditional medicine, extracts of medicinal plants or herbal prescriptions have been used to treat various fibrotic diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the antifibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and plant extracts that contain RA, as observed in various experimental models. RA, as well as the extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Melissa officinalis, Elsholtzia ciliata, Lycopus lucidus, Ocimum basilicum, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Perilla frutescens, have been shown to attenuate fibrosis of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and abdomen in experimental animal models. Their antifibrotic effects were associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, cell activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrogenic gene expression. RA treatment activated peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), 5\' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) while suppressing the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, most plants that are reported to contain RA and exhibit antifibrotic activity belong to the family Lamiaceae. This suggests that RA is an active ingredient for the antifibrotic effect of Lamiaceae plants and that these plants are a useful source of RA. In conclusion, accumulating scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of RA and Lamiaceae plant extracts in alleviating fibrosis and maintaining the structural architecture and normal functions of various organs under pathological conditions.