本研究的目的是概述目前最先进的骨组织工程生物陶瓷支架的制造,重点是使用三维(3D)技术以及生成设计原理。近几十年来,现代医学领域取得了令人瞩目的进步和不断创新。由改善患者预后和生活质量的不懈愿望驱动。这一进展的核心是组织工程领域,这对再生医学的应用有着巨大的希望。支架是组织工程不可或缺的一部分,并作为支持细胞附着的3D框架,扩散,和差异化。已经探索了各种各样的材料来制造支架,包括生物陶瓷(即,羟基磷灰石,β-磷酸三钙,生物玻璃)和生物陶瓷-聚合物复合材料,每个都提供针对特定应用量身定制的独特属性和功能。几种制造方法,如热诱导的相分离,静电纺丝,冷冻干燥,气体发泡,颗粒浸出/溶剂浇铸,熔融沉积建模,3D打印,立体光刻和选择性激光烧结,将从其独特的角度进行介绍和深入分析和讨论,这已被证明是无价的获得生物陶瓷支架。此外,通过强调生成设计在支架优化中的重要作用,这篇综述旨在为创新战略和个性化解决方案的发展铺平道路,以解决当前文献中的重大差距,主要涉及骨组织工程中的复杂骨缺损。
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, with an emphasis on the use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies coupled with generative design principles. The field of modern medicine has witnessed remarkable advancements and continuous innovation in recent decades, driven by a relentless desire to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Central to this progress is the field of tissue engineering, which holds immense promise for regenerative medicine applications. Scaffolds are integral to tissue engineering and serve as 3D frameworks that support cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. A wide array of materials has been explored for the fabrication of scaffolds, including bioceramics (i.e., hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, bioglasses) and bioceramic-polymer composites, each offering unique properties and functionalities tailored to specific applications. Several fabrication methods, such as thermal-induced phase separation, electrospinning, freeze-drying, gas foaming, particle leaching/solvent casting, fused deposition modeling, 3D printing, stereolithography and selective laser sintering, will be introduced and thoroughly analyzed and discussed from the point of view of their unique characteristics, which have proven invaluable for obtaining bioceramic scaffolds. Moreover, by highlighting the important role of generative design in scaffold optimization, this review seeks to pave the way for the development of innovative strategies and personalized solutions to address significant gaps in the current literature, mainly related to complex bone defects in bone tissue engineering.