背景:使用脊线过滤器的超高剂量率(UHDR)放射治疗是一种称为适形FLASH的新治疗方式,当优化剂量时,剂量率(DR),和线性能量转移(LET),具有通过FLASH效应减少对健康组织的损害而不牺牲肿瘤杀伤效力的潜力。
目的:适形FLASH质子治疗的临床实施受到质量保证(QA)挑战的限制,其中包括UHDR和LET的直接测量。规划目标边缘处的体素DR分布和LET光谱对于与DR/LET相关的风险器官的节省至关重要。我们在此提出一种方法来实现这些参数的实验验证。
方法:剂量,DR,和LET是针对共形FLASH治疗计划进行测量的,该计划涉及250MeV质子束和3D打印脊形滤光片,旨在均匀地照射球形目标。我们在UHDR条件下使用4D多层条带电离室(MLSIC)同时测量了剂量和DR。此外,我们为高分辨率像素化半导体探测器开发了一种“采样和恢复(USRe)”技术,Timepix3,以避免事件堆积并在高质子通量位置处校正测得的LET,而不会产生不希望的束修改。使用MatriXXPT检测器并通过蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟进行这些测量的确认。
结果:与MatriXXPT和MLSIC数据相比,MC适形FLASH计算剂量的伽马通过率>95%(3mm/3%标准)。在横向边缘,DR显示,在100Gy/s时,平均一致性值在模拟的0.3%以内,在15Gy/s时波动~10%。近端的LET光谱,横向,远端边缘的Bhattacharyya距离<1.3%。
结论:我们使用MLSIC和Timepix3检测器进行的测量表明,使用USRe的UHDR方案和LET光谱的DR分布与模拟一致。这些结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效地用于FLASH治疗计划的实验验证和QA。
BACKGROUND: Ultra high dose rate (UHDR) radiotherapy using ridge filter is a new treatment modality known as conformal FLASH that, when optimized for dose, dose rate (DR), and linear energy transfer (LET), has the potential to reduce damage to healthy tissue without sacrificing tumor killing efficacy via the FLASH effect.
OBJECTIVE: Clinical implementation of conformal FLASH proton therapy has been limited by quality assurance (QA) challenges, which include direct measurement of UHDR and LET. Voxel DR distributions and LET spectra at planning target margins are paramount to the DR/LET-related sparing of organs at risk. We hereby present a methodology to achieve experimental validation of these parameters.
METHODS: Dose, DR, and LET were measured for a conformal FLASH treatment plan involving a 250-MeV proton beam and a 3D-printed ridge filter designed to uniformly irradiate a spherical target. We measured dose and DR simultaneously using a 4D multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) under UHDR conditions. Additionally, we developed an \"under-sample and recover (USRe)\" technique for a high-resolution pixelated semiconductor detector, Timepix3, to avoid event pile-up and to correct measured LET at high-proton-flux locations without undesirable beam modifications. Confirmation of these measurements was done using a MatriXX PT detector and by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.
RESULTS: MC conformal FLASH computed doses had gamma passing rates of >95% (3 mm/3% criteria) when compared to MatriXX PT and MLSIC data. At the lateral margin, DR showed average agreement values within 0.3% of simulation at 100 Gy/s and fluctuations ∼10% at 15 Gy/s. LET spectra in the proximal, lateral, and distal margins had Bhattacharyya distances of <1.3%.
CONCLUSIONS: Our measurements with the MLSIC and Timepix3 detectors shown that the DR distributions for UHDR scenarios and LET spectra using USRe are in agreement with simulations. These results demonstrate that the methodology presented here can be used effectively for the experimental validation and QA of FLASH treatment plans.