为了实现低碳发展政策,核能的大规模开发和利用至关重要。铀是核工业的关键资源。从海水和核废水中提取和回收铀对于安全的铀储备是必要的,确保能源安全,控制污染,保护环境。新型纳米材料MXene具有层状结构,高比表面积,和可修改的表面端子组,这使得它可以浓缩铀。此外,良好的光伏和光热性能提高了吸附铀的能力。MAX相优异的耐辐射性强烈表明MXene作为有效的铀吸附剂的潜在用途。然而,关于其在铀提取和回收中的应用的评论相对较少。这篇综述集中在使用MXene基材料作为高效吸附剂从海水和核废水中回收铀方面的最新进展。首先,结构,介绍了MXene材料的合成和表征方面。随后,MXene基材料的吸附性能根据铀提取回收能力进行评估,选择性,和再现性。此外,讨论了铀与MXene吸收剂之间的相互作用机理。最后,提出了MXene材料在铀吸附应用中的挑战,以更好地设计新型MXene基吸附剂。
In order to realize the low-carbon development policy, the large-scale development and utilization of nuclear energy is very essential. Uranium is the key resource for nuclear industry. The extracting and recycling uranium from seawater and nuclear wastewater is necessary for secure uranium reserves, ensure energy security, control pollution and protect the environment. The novel nanomaterial MXene possesses the layered structure, high specific surface area, and modifiable surface terminal groups, which allowed it to enrich uranium. In addition, good photovoltaic and photothermal properties improves the ability to adsorb uranium. The excellent radiation resistance of the MAX phase strongly indicates the potential use of MXene as an effective uranium adsorbent. However, there are relatively few reviews on its application in uranium extraction and recovery. This review focuses on the recent advances in the use of MXene-based materials as highly efficient adsorbents for the recovery of uranium from seawater and nuclear wastewater. First, the structural, synthetic and characterization aspects of MXene materials are introduced. Subsequently, the adsorptive properties of MXene-based materials are evaluated in terms of uranium extraction recovery capability, selectivity, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the interaction mechanisms between uranium and MXene absorbers are discussed. Finally, the challenges for MXene materials in uranium adsorption applications are proposed for better design of new types of MXene-based adsorbents.