背景:由于其高含量的ω-3脂肪酸,Chia(SalviahispanicaL.)种子在注重健康的消费者中越来越受欢迎,提供各种健康益处。对正大种子的脂肪酸和蛋白质进行了全面的化学分析,揭示它们的功能特性。最近的研究已经证实了奇亚籽油的高ω-3含量,并暗示了额外的功能特征。
方法:这篇综述文章旨在概述植物学,形态学,和奇亚植物的生化特征,种子,和种子粘液。此外,我们讨论了正大基因和分子研究的最新进展,包括最新的转录组学和功能研究,以检查负责chia脂肪酸生物合成的基因。近年来,对正大种子的研究已经将重点从研究种子的理化特性和化学组成转移到了解有助于其营养益处的代谢途径和分子机制。这引起了人们对各种药物的兴趣,营养食品,和chia的农业应用。在这种情况下,我们讨论对chia的最新研究,以及仍然没有答案的问题,并确定需要进一步探索的领域。
结论:与显著健康益处相关的营养化合物,包括ω-3PUFA,蛋白质,并在正大种子中大量测定了具有抗氧化活性的酚类化合物。然而,通过体外实验和体内动物和对照人体试验的全面调查预计将提供更清晰的药物,抗菌,和奇亚籽的抗真菌作用。最近发表的Chia基因组和基因编辑技术,比如CRISPR,促进功能研究破译该作物生物合成和代谢途径的分子机制。这需要开发稳定的转化方案和创建公开可用的脂质数据库。突变体集合,和Chia的大规模转录组数据集。
BACKGROUND: Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds have become increasingly popular among health-conscious consumers due to their high content of ω-3 fatty acids, which provide various health benefits. Comprehensive chemical analyses of chia seeds\' fatty acids and proteins have been conducted, revealing their functional properties. Recent studies have confirmed the high ω-3 content of chia seed oil and have hinted at additional functional characteristics.
METHODS: This review article aims to provide an overview of the botanical, morphological, and biochemical features of chia plants, seeds, and seed mucilage. Additionally, we discuss the recent developments in genetic and molecular research on chia, including the latest transcriptomic and functional studies that examine the genes responsible for chia fatty acid biosynthesis. In recent years, research on chia seeds has shifted its focus from studying the physicochemical characteristics and chemical composition of seeds to understanding the metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms that contribute to their nutritional benefits. This has led to a growing interest in various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and agricultural applications of chia. In this context, we discuss the latest research on chia, as well as the questions that remain unanswered, and identify areas that require further exploration.
CONCLUSIONS: Nutraceutical compounds associated with significant health benefits including ω-3 PUFAs, proteins, and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity have been measured in high quantities in chia seeds. However, comprehensive investigations through both in vitro experiments and in vivo animal and controlled human trials are expected to provide greater clarity on the medicinal, antimicrobial, and antifungal effects of chia seeds. The recently published genome of chia and gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR, facilitate functional studies deciphering molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis and metabolic pathways in this crop. This necessitates development of stable transformation protocols and creation of a publicly available lipid database, mutant collection, and large-scale transcriptomic datasets for chia.