π-共轭聚合物由于其有利的光电和机械性能而具有许多应用。这些特性本质上取决于聚合物的有序性,包括结晶度,定位,形态学,域大小,和π-π相互作用。编程,或通过明确定义的输入故意控制π共轭聚合物的组成和排序,是有机电子发展的一个关键方面。这里,在材料开发的每个阶段都描述了π共轭编程,强调每个编程模式之间的联系。在聚合物合成期间执行共价编程,以便可以构建复杂的架构,通过控制聚合物取向来指导聚合物组装,π-π相互作用,和形态长度尺度。当聚合物溶解时,以溶剂化状态进行溶液编程,骨料,结晶,或在溶液中反应。固态编程发生在固态,受聚合物结晶控制,域分离,或凝胶化。审查了这些阶段编程的最新进展,突出显示π共轭聚合物特有的顺序依赖特征和组装技术。这应该作为描述指导π-共轭聚合物组装以控制有序化的许多方式的指南,结构,和功能,促进有机电子学的进一步发展。
π-Conjugated polymers have numerous applications due to their advantageous optoelectronic and mechanical properties. These properties depend intrinsically on polymer ordering, including crystallinity, orientation, morphology, domain size, and π-π interactions. Programming, or deliberately controlling the composition and ordering of π-conjugated polymers by well-defined inputs, is a key facet in the development of organic electronics. Here, π-conjugated programming is described at each stage of material development, stressing the links between each programming mode. Covalent programming is performed during polymer synthesis such that complex architectures can be constructed, which direct polymer assembly by governing polymer orientation, π-π interactions, and morphological length-scales. Solution programming is performed in a solvated state as polymers dissolve, aggregate, crystallize, or react in solution. Solid-state programming occurs in the solid state and is governed by polymer crystallization, domain segregation, or gelation. Recent progress in programming across these stages is examined, highlighting order-dependent features and assembly techniques that are unique to π-conjugated polymers. This should serve as a guide for delineating the many ways of directing π-conjugated polymer assembly to control ordering, structure, and function, enabling the further development of organic electronics.