在这项工作中,我们开发了一种生态友好的柑橘废料(CWs)的价值,通过溶剂辅助超声提取技术,从而获得广泛的生物活性化合物和多糖,在不同的工业部门(食品,化妆品,营养保健品)。水基低振幅超声处理被视为果胶提取以及极性和非极性柑橘提取物(CEs)的潜在方法,其中橙皮苷和18碳脂肪酸的甘油三酯是最具代表性的。此外,柠檬酸:甘油(1:4)基低共熔溶剂(DES)结合超声提取提取微晶纤维素(CMC),从中获得了甘油辅助的高振幅超声处理的稳定的纤维素纳米晶体(CNCs)。提取的多糖(果胶,微米和纳米纤维素)通过DLS进行分析,ζ-电位,XRD,HP-SEC,SEM,AFM,TGA-DSC,FTIR,NMR,和PMP-HPLC分析。通过酶辅助水解,结合ESI-MS和单糖组成,分析并阐明了提取的柑橘果胶(CP)的推定结构。所开发的提取方法有望影响CW增值的工业过程并实现循环生物经济。
In this work we developed an eco-friendly valorisation of Citrus wastes (CWs), through a solvent-assisted ultrasonication extraction technique, thus having access to a wide range of bio-active compounds and polysaccharides, extremely useful in different industrial sectors (food, cosmetics, nutraceutical). Water-based low-amplitude ultrasonication was examined as a potential method for pectin extraction as well as polar and non-polar citrus extractives (CEs), among which hesperidin and triglycerides of 18 carbon fatty acids were found to be the most representative ones. In addition, citric acid:glycerol (1:4)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) in combination with ultrasonic extraction was utilized to extract microcellulose (CMC), from which stable cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with glycerol-assisted high amplitude ultrasonication were obtained. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted polysaccharides (pectin, micro and nanocellulose) were analysed through DLS, ζ-potential, XRD, HP-SEC, SEM, AFM, TGA-DSC, FTIR, NMR, and PMP-HPLC analyses. The putative structure of the extracted citrus pectin (CP) was analysed and elucidated through enzyme-assisted hydrolysis in correlation with ESI-MS and monosaccharide composition. The developed extraction methods are expected to influence the industrial process for the valorisation of CWs and implement the circular bio-economy.