Mobile sensing-based depression severity assessment could complement the subjective questionnaires-based assessment currently used in practice. However, previous studies on mobile sensing for depression severity assessment were conducted on homogeneous mental health condition participants; evaluation of possible generalization across heterogeneous groups has been limited. Similarly, previous studies have not investigated the potential of free-living audio data for depression severity assessment. Audio recordings from free-living could provide rich sociability features to characterize depressive states. We conducted a study with 11 healthy individuals, 13 individuals with major depressive disorder, and eight individuals with schizoaffective disorders. Communication logs and location data from the participants\' smartphones and continuous audio recordings of free-living from a wearable audioband were obtained over a week for each participant. The depression severity prediction model trained using communication log and location data features had a root mean squared error (rmse) of 6.80. Audio-based sociability features further reduced the rmse to 6.07 (normalized rmse of 0.22). Audio-based sociability features also improved the F1 score in the five-class depression category classification model from 0.34 to 0.46. Thus, free-living audio-based sociability features complement the commonly used mobile sensing features to improve depression severity assessment. The prediction results obtained with mobile sensing-based features are better than the rmse of 9.83 (normalized rmse of 0.36) and the F1 score of 0.25 obtained with a baseline model. Additionally, the predicted depression severity had a significant correlation with reported depression severity (correlation coefficient of 0.76, p < 0.001). Thus, our work shows that mobile sensing could model depression severity across participants with heterogeneous mental health conditions, potentially offering a screening tool for depressive symptoms monitoring in the broader population.

UNASSIGNED: Vortioxetine has demonstrated safety and efficacy in improving symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), including overall functioning in real-world settings. This is the first study in a real-life clinical setting in India to evaluate effectiveness and safety of vortioxetine in patients with MDD.
UNASSIGNED: This interventional, open-label study consisted of a 12-week treatment period with flexible doses of vortioxetine (5-20 mg/day) in adult patients (aged 18-65 years) with a confirmed MDD diagnosis. Effectiveness outcomes included change from baseline to week 12 in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scores, along with CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scores at week 12, using a mixed model for repeated measures. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded for safety outcome assessments.
UNASSIGNED: Of 395 patients who received vortioxetine, 42.3% were women mean age 38.9 years; 322 patients completed the study. Significant improvement in depressive symptoms was observed in change from baseline to week 12 least squares (LS) mean (SE) PHQ-9 total score (-9.36 [0.276]; p<.0001) and CGI-S score (-2.14 [0.065]; p<.0001). LS mean (SE) CGI-I score showed significant improvement at week 12 (1.93 [0.067]; p<.0001). Subgroup analysis across age, sex, disease severity, and body mass index showed significant improvements in depression symptoms and severity. A total of 35.4% (n = 140) of patients experienced treatment-emergent AEs (mostly mild-moderate); nausea and pruritus were the most frequent (6.6%, n = 26 each).
UNASSIGNED: Safety and effectiveness of vortioxetine in improving symptoms of MDD over a 12-week period was demonstrated in a real-life clinical setting in India.
UNASSIGNED: Open-label, flexible-dose study of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder in India; Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT04288895; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04288895.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) has been identified as a biomarker for neurologic diseases. However, sNfL remains unknown to be responsible for depression.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between sNfL levels and depression in US adults.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey of the general population, we investigated representative data involving 10,175 participants from the 2013-2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depression was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The effect of related factors on depression was analyzed by conducting a univariate analysis. Stratified analysis was utilized to detect the stability and sensitivity of the relationship. After adjusting for race, education, marital status, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), sleep duration, income, and a history of hypertension, sedentary behavior and stroke, multivariable linear regression was performed to demonstrate the correlation between sNfL and depression.
RESULTS: A total of 1301 individuals between the ages of 20 and 75 were involved in this investigation, of which 108 (8.3%) were diagnosed with depression. A significant positive correlation between sNfL and depression among adults in the US was observed by conducting univariable analyses. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multivariate analyses indicated that elevated sNfL levels might play a pivotal role in the development of depression (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.5, 6.1), P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that sNfL is closely linked to depression in a nationally representative individual. However, further studies are needed to confirm the biological mechanism as well as the clinical implications of sNfL and depression.

This study employs machine learning to detect the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD) through binary and multiclass classifications. We compared models that used only biomarkers of oxidative stress with those that incorporate sociodemographic and health-related factors. Data collected from 830 participants, based on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score, inform our analysis. In binary classification, the Random Forest (RF) classifier achieved the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.84 when all features were included. In multiclass classification, the AUC improved from 0.84 with only oxidative stress biomarkers to 0.88 when all characteristics were included. To address data imbalance, weighted classifiers, and Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) approaches were applied. Weighted random forest (WRF) improved multiclass classification, achieving an AUC of 0.91. Statistical tests, including the Friedman test and the Conover post-hoc test, confirmed significant differences between model performances, with WRF using all features outperforming others. Feature importance analysis shows that oxidative stress biomarkers, particularly GSH, are top ranked among all features. Clinicians can leverage the results of this study to improve their decision-making processes by incorporating oxidative stress biomarkers in addition to the standard criteria for depression diagnosis.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Participants in research trials often disclose severe depression symptoms, including thoughts of self-harm and suicidal ideation, in validated self-administered questionnaires such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). However, there is no standard protocol for responding to such disclosure, and the opportunity to support people at risk is potentially missed. We developed and evaluated a risk assessment protocol for the IBD-BOOST randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN71618461 09/09/2019).
METHODS: Participants completed the PHQ-9 at baseline and 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. The trial database automatically alerted the research team to risk assess participants. Trial researchers, trained in the protocol, contacted participants by telephone, completed the risk assessment, and signposted participants to appropriate professional services.
RESULTS: Seven hundred eighty participants were randomised in the trial; 41 required risk assessment. One participant declined assessment, so 40 risk assessments were completed. Twenty-four participants were assessed as low-risk and 16 participants as medium-risk, with 12 declaring previous suicide attempts. None were rated as high-risk. Trial participants expressed appreciation for being contacted, and all except two wished to receive information about professional support services. Trial risk assessors reported positive experiences of conducting the risk assessment with suggestions for improvement, which resulted in minor modifications to the protocol.
CONCLUSIONS: Our evaluation demonstrated that it was viable for a research trial team to successfully conduct a risk-assessment protocol for trial participants reporting thoughts of self-harm, with training and support from senior colleagues. Resources are required for training and delivery, but it is not unduly onerous. Trial participants appeared to find completing the assessment acceptable.

UNASSIGNED: To investigate the prevalence of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students and to explore the related factors.
UNASSIGNED: The research subjects were Chinese college students participating in the \"2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR-2022)\". Data on respondents\' general characteristics, quality of life, perceived pressure, family communication, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and depression status were gathered. To investigate the association between each variable and the risk of subthreshold depression, statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and rank sum tests were conducted. Furthermore, a binary stepwise logistic regression was employed to establish the regression model of the factors related to subthreshold depression among Chinese college students.
UNASSIGNED: A prevalence of subthreshold depression of about 39.7 % was found among the 8934 respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents who are female, have chronic diseases, are in debt, experience significant impacts from epidemic control policies, have lower self-assessed quality of life, experience challenges in family communication, perceive lower social support, have lower self-efficacy, and feel higher perceived pressure are more likely to develop subthreshold depression compared to the control group. (P < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence rate of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students was found to be approximately 40 %. Female college students suffering from chronic diseases, with households in debt, greatly impacted by epidemic control policies, and experiencing high perceived stress, may be at risk for subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. On the other hand, strong family communication, perceived social support, and self-efficacy were identified as potential protective factors. In order to facilitate timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment of subthreshold depression in Chinese college students, it is crucial for the government, local communities, colleges, and families to prioritize the mental health of college students and implement targeted measures accordingly.

The objective was to investigate associations of serum vitamin D concentration with depressive symptoms and assess the impact that vitamin D concentration has on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in 20-44-year-old pregnant women, postpartum women, non-pp women (non-pregnant/postpartum women), and men, including a separate subgroup analysis of postpartum breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women. The study populations were selected from the 2007-2018 NHANES public data. Subjective interview data and objective laboratory data including depressive symptoms, serum vitamin D concentration, nutrient intake, and demographic information were utilized. Two diet patterns were created using principal component analysis, and a Bayesian multinomial model was fit to predict the depression outcomes for each subpopulation. The estimates for the log vitamin D slope parameter were negative for all cohorts; as vitamin D increased, the probability of having no depression increased, while the probability of depression decreased. The pregnant cohort had the steepest vitamin D slope, followed by postpartum women, then non-pp women and men. Higher vitamin D concentration had more impact on decreasing depression risk in pregnant and postpartum women compared to non-pp women and men. Among postpartum women, higher vitamin D concentration had a greater influence on decreasing breastfeeding women\'s depression risk than non-breastfeeding women.

BACKGROUND: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are commonly used scales to measure depression severity in older adults.
METHODS: We utilized data from the Optimizing Outcomes of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Older Adults (OPTIMUM) clinical trial to produce conversion tables relating PHQ-9 and MADRS total scores. We split the sample into training (N = 555) and validation samples (N = 187). Equipercentile linking was performed on the training sample to produce conversion tables for PHQ-9 and MADRS. We compared the original and estimated scores in the validation sample with Bland-Altman analysis. We compared the depression severity level using the original and estimated scores with Chi-square tests.
RESULTS: The Bland-Altman analysis confirmed that differences between the original and estimated scores for at least 95 % of the sample fit within 1.96 standard deviations of the mean difference. Chi-square tests showed a significant difference in the proportion of participants at each depression severity category determined using the original and estimated scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The conversion tables should be used with caution when comparing depression severity at the individual level.
CONCLUSIONS: Our conversion tables relating PHQ-9 and MADRS scores can be used to compare treatment outcomes using aggregate data in studies that only used one of these scales.