背景:烷基酚可以来自许多含有烷基酚乙氧基化物的产品,包括清洁产品,家居用品,和化妆品。一些酚类物质,如壬基酚,已知是内分泌干扰物,和接触它们被认为是最近增加的过敏性疾病,如哮喘。然而,产前苯酚暴露对儿童哮喘发展的影响尚不清楚.
方法:我们使用日本环境与儿童研究(JECS)的数据,分析了妊娠早期孕妇尿中苯酚浓度与4岁儿童哮喘发展之间的关系。一项大规模的全国出生队列研究。
结果:我们招募了3,513对母亲和儿童参与JECS的亚组研究。我们测量了24种酚,包括硝基苯酚,对羟基苯甲酸酯,双酚,辛基苯酚,和壬基酚,在怀孕的头三个月采集的尿液样本中。这些酚的尿中水平明显不同,有些显示出广泛的分布。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯在几乎每个参与者中都检测到高水平(267.7ng/ml,标准偏差433.78)。Logistic回归分析显示,高暴露于对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的哮喘发作的比值比为1.54(95%置信区间:1.11-2.15)。此外,按性别进行的逻辑回归分析显示,男性的哮喘发展优势比为2.09(95%置信区间:1.20-3.65),女性的母亲所生的哮喘发展优势比为0.65(95%置信区间:0.25-1.70)检测到,暗示了性别差异.
结论:我们目前使用大型队列数据进行的分析显示,怀孕期间高暴露于对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和低暴露于4-壬基酚是儿童哮喘发展的危险因素。这些发现为制定有关产前苯酚暴露的建议奠定了宝贵的基础。
BACKGROUND: Alkylphenols can originate from numerous products containing alkylphenol ethoxylates, including cleaning products, household items, and cosmetics. Some phenols, such as nonylphenol, are known to be endocrine disruptors, and exposure to them is thought to have contributed to the recent increase in allergic diseases such as asthma. However, the impacts of prenatal
phenol exposure on asthma development in children are still unclear.
METHODS: We analyzed the association between maternal urinary
phenol concentrations during early pregnancy and the development of asthma in children at the age of 4, using data from the Japan Environment and Children\'s Study (JECS), a large-scale nationwide birth cohort study.
RESULTS: We recruited 3,513 pairs of mothers and children participating in the Sub-Cohort Study of JECS. We measured 24 phenols, including nitrophenol, parabens, bisphenol, octylphenol, and nonylphenol, in urine samples taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. The urinary levels of these phenols differed markedly, and some showed a broad spectrum of distribution. Methylparaben was detected at high levels in almost every participant (267.7 ng/ml, standard deviation 433.78). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio of asthma onset for high exposure to butylparaben was 1.54 (95% confidence interval: 1.11-2.15). Additionally, logistic regression analysis by gender revealed an asthma development odds ratio of 2.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.20-3.65) for males and 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.25-1.70) for females born to mothers in whom 4-nonylphenol was detected, suggesting a gender difference.
CONCLUSIONS: Our current analysis using large cohort data suggests that high exposure to butylparaben and low exposure to 4-nonylphenol during pregnancy are risk factors for asthma development in children. These findings establish a valuable foundation for formulating recommendations about prenatal
phenol exposure.