压电效应是指压电材料在受到机械应力时产生电场或在受到外部电场时发生机械变形的物理现象。该原理是压电传感器操作的基础。压电传感器由于其出色的自供电能力而引起了极大的关注,响应速度快,和高灵敏度。随着高精度传感器技术的快速发展,增加机械灵活性,和小型化,一系列柔性电子产品已经出现。作为压电传感器的核心部件,柔性压电复合材料因其独特的优点而被广泛使用,包括高顺应性,灵敏度,和兼容性。他们已经在水下探测等不同领域找到了应用,电子皮肤传感,可穿戴传感器,靶向治疗,和深层组织的超声诊断。柔性压电复合材料的问世,彻底改变了传统压电材料的设计理念和应用场景,对下一代柔性电子产品的发展起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了柔性压电复合材料的研究进展,涵盖它们的类型和典型的制造技术,以及它们在各个领域的应用。最后,对这些复合材料存在的问题和未来的发展进行了总结和展望。
The piezoelectric effect refers to a physical phenomenon where piezoelectric materials generate an electric field when subjected to mechanical stress or undergo mechanical deformation when subjected to an external electric field. This principle underlies the operation of piezoelectric sensors. Piezoelectric sensors have garnered significant attention due to their excellent self-powering capability, rapid response speed, and high sensitivity. With the rapid development of sensor techniques achieving high precision, increased mechanical flexibility, and miniaturization, a range of flexible electronic products have emerged. As the core constituents of piezoelectric sensors, flexible piezoelectric composite materials are commonly used due to their unique advantages, including high conformability, sensitivity, and compatibility. They have found applications in diverse domains such as underwater detection, electronic skin sensing, wearable sensors, targeted therapy, and ultrasound diagnostics for deep tissue. The advent of flexible piezoelectric composite materials has revolutionized the design concepts and application scenarios of traditional piezoelectric materials, playing a crucial role in the development of next-generation flexible electronic products. This paper reviews the research progress on flexible piezoelectric composite materials, covering their types and typical fabrication techniques, as well as their applications across various fields. Finally, a summary and outlook on the existing issues and future development of these composite materials are provided.