OBJECTIVE: The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) is frequently used as a screener for mood and anxiety disorders. However, few population-based studies have validated it against a diagnostic instrument assessing disorders following current diagnostic criteria.
METHODS: Within the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-3), a representative population-based study of adults (N = 6194; age: 18-75 years), the MHI-5 was used to measure general mental ill-health in the past month. Presence of mood (major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder) and anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder) in the past month was assessed with a slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders-5.
RESULTS: The MHI-5 was good to excellent at distinguishing people with and without a mood disorder, an anxiety disorder, and any mood or anxiety disorder. The cut-off value associated with the highest sensitivity and highest specificity for mood disorder was ≤68, and ≤76 for an anxiety disorder or any mood or anxiety disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: The MHI-5 can identify individuals at high risk of a current mood or anxiety disorder in the general population when diagnostic interviews are too time consuming.

In recent times, the pathogenesis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on it have garnered considerable interest. Cytokine research, especially Th-17 cytokine research on GAD patients, is limited. Here, we aim to assess the role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interleukin-23A (IL-23A) in the pathophysiology and development of GAD. This investigation included 50 GAD patients and 38 age-sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). A psychiatrist diagnosed patients with GAD and assessed symptom severity using the DSM-5 and the GAD-7 scales. The serum concentrations of IL-17A and IL-23A were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. GAD patients exhibited elevated levels of IL-17A (77.14 ± 58.30 pg/ml) and IL-23A (644.90 ± 296.70 pg/ml) compared to HCs (43.50 ± 25.54 pg/ml and 334.40 ± 176.0 pg/ml). We observed a positive correlation between disease severity and cytokine changes (IL-23A: r = 0.359, p = 0.039; IL-17A: r = 0.397, p = 0.032). These findings indicate that IL-17A and IL-23A may be associated with the pathophysiology of GAD. ROC analysis revealed moderately higher AUC values (IL-23A: 0.824 and IL-17A: 0.710), demonstrating their potential to discriminate between patients and HCs. Also, the sensitivity values of both cytokines were relatively higher (IL-23A: 80.49% and IL-17A: 77.27%). According to the present findings, there may be an association between peripheral serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23A and the pathophysiology and development of GAD. These altered serum IL-17A and IL-23A levels may play a role in directing the early risk of developing GAD. We recommend further research to ascertain their exact role in the pathophysiology and their performance as risk assessment markers of GAD.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety symptoms and disorders are common in older adults and often go undetected. A systematic review was completed to identify tools that can be used to detect anxiety symptoms and disorders in community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO were searched using the search concepts anxiety, older adults and diagnostic accuracy in March 2023. Included articles assessed anxiety in community-dwelling older adults using an index anxiety tool and a gold standard form of anxiety assessment and reported resulting diagnostic accuracy outcomes. Estimates of pooled diagnostic accuracy outcomes were completed.
RESULTS: Twenty-three anxiety tools were identified from the 32 included articles. Pooled diagnostic accuracy outcomes were estimated for the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI)-20 [n = 3, sensitivity = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70-0.97, specificity = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67-0.89] to detect generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and for the GAI-20 (n = 3, cut off ≥ 9, sensitivity = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.62-0.83, specificity = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.74-1.00), Beck Anxiety Inventory (n = 3, sensitivity = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.58-0.79, specificity = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.51-0.68) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) (n = 3, sensitivity = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.60-0.89, specificity = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.87) to detect anxiety disorders in clinical samples.
CONCLUSIONS: The GAI-20 was the most studied tool and had adequate sensitivity while maintaining acceptable specificity when identifying GAD and anxiety disorders. The GAI-20, GAI-Short Form and HADS-A tools are supported for use in detecting anxiety in community-dwelling older adults. Brief, self-rated and easy-to-use tools may be the best options for anxiety detection in community-dwelling older adults given resource limitations. Clinicians may consider factors including patient comorbidities and anxiety prevalence when selecting a tool and cut off.

BACKGROUND: University students are one of the most vulnerable populations for anxiety disorders worldwide. In Northern Ireland, anxiety disorders appear to be more common among the university student population due to the population demographics across the region. Despite the need, these students show less inclination to access the widely available on-campus well-being services and other external professional services. Digital cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) aims to bridge this gap between the need for psychological help and access to it. However, challenges such as limited reach, low adoption, implementation barriers and poor long-term maintenance are mainstay issues resulting in reduced uptake of digital CBT. As a result, the potential impact of digital CBT is currently restricted. The proposed intervention \'Cerina\' is a scalable CBT-based mobile app with an interactive user interface that can be implemented in university settings if found to be feasible and effective.
METHODS: The study is a single-blind pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial aiming to test the feasibility and preliminary effects of Cerina in reducing Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms. Participants are 90 Ulster University students aged 18 and above with self-reported GAD symptoms. They will be allocated to two conditions: treatment (ie, access to Cerina for 6 weeks) and a wait-list control group (ie, optional on-campus well-being services for 6 weeks). Participants in the wait-list will access Cerina 6 weeks after their randomisation and participants in both conditions will be assessed at baseline, at 3 (mid-assessment) and 6 weeks (postassessment). The primary outcome is the feasibility of Cerina (ie, adherence to the intervention, its usability and the potential to deliver a full trial in the future). The secondary outcomes include generalised anxiety, depression, worry and quality of life. Additionally, participants in both conditions will be invited to semistructured interviews for process evaluation.
BACKGROUND: Ethical approval for the study has been granted by the Ulster University Research Ethics Committee (ID: FCPSY-22-084). The results of the study will be disseminated through publications in scientific articles and presentations at relevant conferences and/or public events.
BACKGROUND: NCT06146530.

UNASSIGNED: Telephobia is a kind of anxiety disorder in which the individual is afraid of either answering or making telephone calls. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of telephobia among medical students and to determine the association of socio-demographic and other factors with this disorder.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 320 undergraduate medical students were enrolled at a tertiary medical college in Western India, of which 300 (93.75%) responded to the survey. A stratified sampling strategy with the proportional allocation method was used in which 40 males and 20 females were selected from each year of students, spanning 5 years. A specially designed semi-structured questionnaire was used for the study, consisting of demographic data, purpose of using the internet, gadget used, and a 10-item telephobia questionnaire modified from the Severity Measure for Agoraphobia-Adult (SMA-A) Questionnaire to measure student\'s avoidance of telephone calling and receiving.
UNASSIGNED: The mean age of the study participants was 21.91 (±1.84) years, and most of the students were urban residents (184, 61.3%). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe telephobia was 33.0%, 7.67%, and 1.33%, respectively, giving an overall prevalence of 42%. Univariate analysis revealed that male gender (χ2 = 9.822, df = 3, p = 0.0201), higher duration of internet usage (χ2 = 41.15, df = 9, p value < 0.000), and viewing porn (χ2 = 15.94, df = 3, p = 0.0011) had significant association with higher severity of telephobia. Viewing of porn sites was reported by 65 (21.7%) medical students, exclusively among males.
UNASSIGNED: A prevalence of 9% moderate to severe telephobia among medical students is much alarming, which may aggravate further as the students move from academic to clinical settings. The phenomenon of telephobia needs further exploration, to find its determinants and predictors, especially among vulnerable populations.

Personalized medicine has emerged as a revolutionary approach to healthcare in the 21st century. By understanding a patient\'s unique genetic and biological characteristics, it aims to tailor treatments specifically to the individual. This approach takes into account factors such as an individual\'s lifestyle, genetic makeup, and environmental factors to provide targeted therapies that have the potential to be more effective and lower the risk of side reactions or ineffective treatments. It is a paradigm shift from the traditional \"one size fits all\" approach in medicine, where patients with similar symptoms or diagnoses receive the same standard treatments regardless of their differences. It leads to improved clinical outcomes and more efficient use of healthcare resources. Drug repurposing is a strategy that uses existing drugs for new indications and aims to take advantage of the known safety profiles, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of action of these drugs to accelerate the development process. Precision medicine may undergo a revolutionary change as a result, enabling the rapid development of novel treatment plans utilizing drugs that traditional methods would not otherwise link to. In this chapter, we have focused on a few strategies wherein drug repurposing has shown great success for precision medicine. The approach is particularly useful in oncology as there are many variations induced in the genetic material of cancer patients, so tailored treatment approaches go a long way. We have discussed the cases of breast cancer, glioblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other than that, we have also looked at drug repurposing approaches in anxiety disorders and COVID-19.

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems in childhood, and causes severe and persistent impairment in children\'s lives.1 Parents can play a key role in the development of children\'s anxiety symptoms2; yet, the evidence of parent-focused interventions is relatively thin.3 This may be because little is known about what the optimal content of these interventions should be. Interventions typically either use parents as lay therapists, or target multiple different family risk factors at the same time.4 Traditional randomized trials of these \"package deal\" interventions provide little insight into what specific parental risk factors should be targeted to most effectively reduce children\'s anxiety.5 We will examine the effects of targeting distinct parental risk factors to provide more information on the role of these factors in children\'s anxiety, and to guide the development of intervention programs.

OBJECTIVE: Women in pathological pregnancy are a group of patients especially exposed to the risk of occurrence of psychological complications. The aim of the study was assessment of the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders, and the relationship between the intensity of symptoms and social support.
METHODS: The study group were 300 patients hospitalized in the Department of Pathology of Pregnancy. The study was conducted using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviours (ISSB), and an author-constructed socio-demographic questionnaire.
RESULTS: The level of State Anxiety (STAI) was higher in respondents from the study group, compared to the control group. The level of anxiety (HADS-A) was higher in the control group than in women from the study group. The level of social informational support was higher in those from the control group, compared to those from the study group. The level of emotional support was lower in respondents from the study group, compared to those from the control group. Instrumental support negatively correlated with the symptoms of depression among women in physiological pregnancy. The lack of evaluative support statistically significantly correlated with anxiety among women hospitalized before labour.
CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained suggest the necessity for the substantive preparation of medical and psychological staff employed in departments of pathology of pregnancy to provide proper emotional and informational support for hospitalized women.

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