The growing number of prevalent arteriovenous (AV) accesses has been associated with an increase in the incidence of procedures being performed to maintain patency. To reduce the rate of unnecessary procedures, the 2019 Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines addended the AV access surveillance recommendations, which includes clinical monitoring and assessment of dialysis adequacy alone. Abnormal clinical findings would necessitate follow-up angiography with or without confirmatory duplex ultrasound. Due to poor patency, increased surveillance schedules have been proposed to identify stenosis early and potentially prevent acute thrombotic events and AV access failure. In this review, we outlined current AV access monitoring and maintenance procedure recommendations, as described by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and 2019 Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines. In addition, we highlight the findings of recently published randomized controlled trials that have examined increased surveillance schedules.

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of drug-coated drug (DCB) angioplasty for long femoropopliteal lesions in older patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). In this multi-center retrospective study, we enrolled 119 patients with CLTI due to Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASCII) C/D femoropopliteal lesions who underwent DCB angioplasty. A total of 119 patients with 122 limbs (TASCII C = 67, 54.9%; TASCII D = 55, 45.1%) were enrolled. At 36-month follow-up, primary patency, assisted primary patency, secondary patency, and freedom from target lesion revascularization were 47.3%, 49.8%, 59.5%, and 62.7%, respectively, and there was a significant improvement over baseline in Rutherford class (P < .001) and ankle-brachial index measurements (P < .001). Complex target lesions (P = .017) and 1 stenosis-free outflow vessel (P = .001) were risk predictors of freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization. Complex target lesions (P = .044), diabetes (P = .007), and 1 stenosis-free outflow vessel (P = .003) were risk predictors of restenosis. At 2 months, the ulcer healing rate was 96.3% (26/27). At 36 months, the limb salvage and survival rates were 85.8% and 83.3%, respectively. DCB angioplasty were safe and effective for older patients with CLTI attributable to femoropopliteal TASCII C/D lesions.

Patients who underwent arterio-arterial graft (AAG) surgery at Beijing Haidian Hospital from March 2021 to December 2023 were prospectively included. A total of 13 cases (6 males and 7 females) aged (59±13) years were collected, with a dialysis history of 4.0 (1.8, 10.0) years. Nine cases of \"bow\"-type AAG and 4 cases of \"α\"-type AAG were established. The follow-up time was 10 (7, 16) months. The primary patency and secondary patency rates at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were 92.3% and 100%, 81.8% and 90.9%, 57.1% and 57.1%, respectively. Stenosis, thrombosis and infection occurred in 2, 5 and 2 cases, respectively. The current study indicates that AAG surgery is simple, minimally invasive, and has a high long-term patency rate. It can be used as a new type of vascular access for patients who fail to establish conventional dialysis access.
前瞻性纳入2021年3月至2023年12月于北京市海淀医院行移植物动脉-动脉通路（AAG）的13例患者。男6例，女7例，年龄（59±13）岁，透析龄4.0（1.8，10.0）年。建立“弓”型AAG 9例，“α”型AAG 4例，随访时间10（7，16）个月。术后3、6、12个月初级和次级通畅率分别为92.3%和100%、81.8%和90.9%、57.1%和57.1%。2例次发生狭窄；5例次发生血栓形成；2例患者发生感染。可见，AAG手术操作简单，创伤小，长期通畅率较高，可作为无法建立常规透析通路患者新的血管通路类型。.

A total of 309 (138 males and 171 females) end-stage renal disease patients who underwent implantation of early cannulation arteriovenous grafts (Acuseal) for hemodialysis in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University between December 2016 and May 2021 were retrospectively included. The age of patients was (61.5±10.3) years. There were 244 patients (119 males and 125 females) who received regular follow-up. During the follow-up period, 24 patients died. Perioperative complications included graft infection (4.5%, 11/244), hematoma (4.5%, 11/244) and steal syndrome (4.1%, 10/244). No seroma or anastomotic rupture occurred. The rates of the first postoperative puncture time within 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after implantation were 42.2%(103/244), 32.4% (79/244) and 16.4% (40/244), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the primary patency rates at 6 months and 12 months were 66.5% and 48.4%, respectively, and the secondary patency rates at 6 months and 12 months were 96.7% and 91.8%, respectively. The current study indicates that the Acuseal graft is safe for vascular access in patients requiring hemodialysis, with satisfactory patency and acceptable complication rates at 1-year follow-up.
回顾性分析2016年12月至2021年5月在南方医科大学南方医院因血液透析植入即穿型人工血管构建动静脉移植物内瘘的309例终末期肾病患者（男138例，女171例）的临床资料。患者年龄（61.5±10.3）岁，其中244例患者（男119例，女125例）得到规律随访。随访期间24例患者死亡。309例患者中围手术期并发症包括移植物感染11例（4.5%），穿刺相关血肿11例（4.5%），窃血综合征10例（4.1%），无血清肿、吻合口破裂及移植物内瘘血栓形成发生。植入人工血管后24、48、72 h内进行第1次穿刺透析的比例分别为42.2%（103/244）、32.4%（79/244）、16.4%（40/244）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示，6、12个月初级通畅率分别为66.5%、48.4%，6、12个月次级通畅率分别为96.7%、91.8%。本研究结果显示即穿型人工血管移植物可安全地用于终末期肾病患者作为血管通路，其中12个月的随访结果满意。.

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting primary patency time in arteriovenous graft (AVG) patients receiving percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Methods: Hemodialysis patients who underwent AVG placement at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between February 2018 and December 2021 were included. The factors including age, gender, total duration of AVG use, site of stenosis, degree of stenosis, length of stenosis, residual stenosis, and presence of thrombosis were analyzed, and influencing factors of primary patency time in AVG were determined using a multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 101 patients who underwent 331 PTA treatments were enrolled, including 35 males and 66 females. The median age of patients undergoing PTA for the first time was 61 (51, 68) years, and the primary patency time after PTA was 5 (3, 10) months. The patients were followed up for (38.5±15.3) months. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that severe stenosis at the venous anastomosis and reflux veins (β=-2.773, 95%CI:-5.440--0.105, P=0.042), female (β=-2.247, 95%CI:-3.853--0.642, P=0.006), and previous multiple PTA treatments (β=-0.516, 95%CI:-0.978--0.054, P=0.029) were risk factors for a shorter primary patency time after PTA. Conclusion: Severity of stenosis at the venous anastomosis and reflux veins of the AVG, female, and a history of multiple previous PTA treatments are associated with a shorter primary patency time in AVG patients.
目的： 探讨动静脉移植物内瘘（AVG）行经皮腔内球囊血管成形（PTA）术后初级通畅时间的影响因素。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年2月至2021年12月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院行AVG置入的血液透析患者资料。分析年龄、性别、AVG使用时间、狭窄部位、狭窄程度、狭窄长度、残余狭窄、是否合并血栓形成等因素，采用多重线性回归模型分析PTA术后初级通畅时间的影响因素。 结果： 纳入101例患者，其中男35例，女66例，首次接受PTA的年龄［M（Q1，Q3）］为61（51，68）岁，随访时长（38.5±15.3）个月，PTA术后初级通畅时间为5（3，10）个月，共计331次PTA治疗。多重线性回归分析结果显示，静脉端吻合口和回流静脉闭塞（β=-2.773，95%CI：-5.440~-0.105，P=0.042）、女性（β=-2.247，95%CI：-3.853~-0.642，P=0.006）及既往PTA处理次数多（β=-0.516，95%CI：-0.978~-0.054，P=0.029）为PTA术后初级通畅时间短的危险因素。 结论： AVG静脉端吻合口和回流静脉狭窄程度、女性及既往多次PTA治疗与AVG患者PTA术后初级通畅时间短相关。.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of lower extremity arteriovenous graft (AVG) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Hemodialysis patients with lower extremity AVG from August 2015 to July 2023 in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled. Therapeutic effects and complications of AVG were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 83 cases aged (58.9±13.3) years were enrolled, including 25 males and 58 females. The success rate of the operation was 100% (83/83), and no perioperative complications occurred. The follow-up time [M (Q1, Q3)] was 38.4 (22.6, 55.3) months, with a follow-up rate of 92.8% (77/83). There were 9 cases (11.7%) of puncture site infection, 5 cases (6.5%) of pseudoaneurysm, 2 cases (2.6%) of seroma, 3 cases (3.9%) of lower limb ischemia, 48 cases (62.3%) of stenosis and 24 cases (31.2%) of thrombosis during the follow-up period. The 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year primary patency rates after surgery were 78.9%, 61.2%, 39.0%, 27.0% and 16.3%, respectively, assisted primary patency rates were 93.5%, 82.5%, 74.9%, 68.0% and 53.0%, respectively, and secondary patency rates were 96.1%, 94.7%, 93.1%, 91.3% and 75.3%, respectively. Conclusion: For patients whose vascular resources of upper limbs are exhausted, lower extremity AVG is a safe and effective hemodialysis vascular access.
目的： 评价血液透析患者下肢动静脉移植物内瘘（AVG）的长期应用效果。 方法： 回顾性分析2015年8月至2023年7月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院血管外科下肢AVG患者的临床资料，分析其通畅率和并发症发生情况。 结果： 共纳入83例患者，男25例，女58例，年龄（58.9±13.3）岁，AVG手术成功率为100%（83/83），无围手术期并发症。随访时间［M（Q1，Q3）］38.4（22.6，55.3）个月，随访率92.8%（77/83）。术后穿刺点感染9例（11.7%），穿刺点假性动脉瘤5例（6.5%），血清肿2例（2.6%），下肢缺血3例（3.9%），狭窄48例（62.3%），其中24例（31.2%）继发血栓形成。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示，术后6个月及1、2、3、5年初级通畅率分别为78.9%、61.2%、39.0%、27.0%、16.3%，初级辅助通畅率分别为93.5%、82.5%、74.9%、68.0%、53.0%，次级通畅率分别为 96.1%、94.7%、93.1%、91.3%、75.3%。 结论： 对于上肢血管资源耗竭的血液透析患者，下肢AVG是安全、有效的血管通路之一。.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, intervention methods and effect of arteriovenous graft (AVG) stenosis. Methods: The clinical data of patients who received AVG in the Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patency rate, prevalence and intervention effect of AVG stenosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 475 patients aged (55.5±11.8) years were included, and there were 193 male cases (40.6%) and 282 female cases (59.4%). The patients were followed up for [M (Q1, Q3)] 19 (12, 30) months, and the primary, assisted primary and secondary patency were 14 (5, 27), 27 (13, 55), and 59 (33, 65) months, respectively. There were 799 access events which needed intervention, with a total standardized intervention rate of 0.90 per patient-year. Totally, 431(53.9%, 431/799) stenosis events occurred in 207 AVG. Among 422 AVG stenosis events with complete clinical data, 57.8% (244/422) were multi-site stenosis and 42.2% (178/422) were single-site stenosis. The most common sites of stenosis were graft-vein anastomosis (47.6%, 340/715), venous outflows (22.7%, 162/715), and puncture zone (20.0%, 143/715). In the 414 stenosis with intact follow-up data, 90.8% (376/414) were treated by balloon angioplasty, 8.5% (35/414) received covered stent insertion, and 0.7% (3/414) were intervened by open surgery. Clinical success rate was 98.1% (406/414). The primary patency time after endovascular treatment was 6 (4, 12) months. Covered stent significantly increased post-intervention primary patency time compared withballoon angioplasty [6 (3, 7) months vs 3 (1, 4) months, P=0.020]. Conclusions: Stenosis is the most common complication of AVG, and the most common sites are graft-vein anastomosis, venous outflows, and puncture zone. Intervention of AVG stenosis has a high clinical success rate, and a relatively low post-intervention patency. Covered stent insertion improves the post-intervention patency of AVG, which has a poor effect using balloon expansion.
目的： 探讨血液透析患者动静脉移植物内瘘（AVG）狭窄的发生情况、干预方式及效果。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院血液净化中心构建AVG患者的通路资料。分析AVG的通畅情况、通路事件干预情况、AVG狭窄的发生情况及不同干预方式的效果。 结果： 共纳入475例患者，男193例（40.6%），女282例（59.4%），年龄（55.5±11.8）岁。随访时间［M（Q1，Q3）］19（12，30）个月，AVG的初级、初级辅助、次级通畅时间分别为14（5，27）、27（13，55）及59（33，65）个月。共发生799 例次进行干预的通路事件，标化干预率为0.90次/患者年，其中431例次（53.9%，431/799）为狭窄。狭窄事件集中发生在207个AVG中。在临床资料完善的422例次AVG狭窄事件中，57.8%（244/422）为多部位狭窄，42.2 %（178/422）为单一部位狭窄；狭窄前三位的好发部位分别为静脉吻合口附近（47.6%，340/715）、静脉流出道（22.7%，162/715）、穿刺区域（20.0%，143/715）。在干预后随访资料完整的414例次狭窄干预中，376例次（90.8%，376/414）采用经皮腔内球囊扩张术进行干预，35例次（8.5%，35/414）植入覆膜支架，3 例次（0.7%，3/414）采用外科干预，临床成功率98.1%（406/414）。腔内介入干预后的初级通畅时间为6（4，12）个月。支架植入患者术后AVG的初级通畅时间优于支架植入术前一次单纯球囊扩张干预后的初级通畅时间［6（3，7）个月比3（1，4）个月，P=0.020］。 结论： 狭窄是AVG最常见的并发症，好发部位依次为静脉吻合口附近、静脉流出道和穿刺区域。AVG狭窄干预有较高的临床成功率，但干预后初级通畅时间较短。支架植入术可改善球囊扩张效果较差的AVG狭窄的通畅时间。.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular therapy has emerged as a prominent strategy for managing femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease, offering acceptable safety and efficacy compared with open surgical bypass. Both paclitaxel-eluting stents and heparin-bonded covered stents have exhibited enhanced clinical outcomes compared with bare metal stents. However, there is currently a lack of level I evidence comparing the safety and efficacy of paclitaxel-eluting stents and heparin-bonded covered stents. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of these two types of stents.
METHODS: The ELITE trial is a prospective, multicentre, parallel, randomised controlled trial. A total of 450 patients will be recruited. The primary endpoints of the study include primary patency at 1 year post-index procedure.
BACKGROUND: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (approval number: 2023-1186). The results will be submitted to a major clinical journal for peer review and publication.
BACKGROUND: ELITE trial was registered on 27 September 2023 in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2300076236).

UNASSIGNED: Cephalic arch stenosis (CAS) is often recurrent, resistant to treatment and the intervention outcome is not well validated so far. We purposed to assess the clinical outcomes of CAS treatment in patients with hemodialysis access.
UNASSIGNED: Electronic bibliographic sources were searched up to December 4 2023 to identify studies reported outcome after treating CAS. Direct and indirect evidence was combined to compare odds ratios (OR) and surfaces under the cumulative ranking curves across the different treatment modalities through meta-analysis and network meta-analyses (NMA). This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-P. The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022296513).
UNASSIGNED: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 15 non-RCTs were included in the analysis. The study population differed in fistula type, restenosis or thrombosis, and significant heterogeneity was observed among the publications. The risk of bias was low to serious. Meta-analysis found no significant difference between DCB and PTA in primary patency at 6 and 12 months (OR 1.16 and 0.60, respectively; low certainty of evidence). Favorable result with STG compared to stent or PTA at 3, 6, and 12 month was observed (OR 4.28, 5.13, and 13.12, and 4.28, 5.13, 13.12, respectively; low certainty of evidence). Regarding primary patency, the treatment rankings, from highest to lowest, were STG (92.7%), transposition (76.0%), stent (67.5%), DCB (46.3%), and PTA (64.5%) at 12 months.
UNASSIGNED: Despite data limitations, the low-quality evidence suggests that STG may merit consideration as a primary treatment option when all alternatives are applicable, given their potential for better primary patency and higher treatment ranking.

This study aimed to examine the influence of diabetes on the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and saphenous vein (SV) graft failure for 5-year follow-up. We enrolled 202 patients who underwent isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in 2014, angiographic follow-up occurred at 5 years after surgery. Angiographic outcomes in patients with or without diabetes were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of graft dysfunction. A total of 66 (32.7%) patients had diabetes. Five-year rates of LIMA and SV graft failure were similar in patients with and without diabetes. In addition, in diabetics, the proportion of complete graft failure was significantly lower in the LIMA grafts (12/66, 18.2%) than in the SV grafts (57/133, 42.9%) (P = .001). In nondiabetic, the proportion of complete graft failure was also significantly lower in the LIMA grafts (28/136, 20.6%) than in the SV grafts (105/275, 38.2%) (P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mean graft flow (MGF) was an independent predictor factor for LIMA (odds ratio = 1.186, 95% CI = 1.114-1.263, P < .001) and SV (odds ratio = 1.056, 95% CI = 1.035-1.077, P < .001) graft failure. Diabetes did not influence the patency of LIMA or SV grafts over a 5-year follow-up. LIMA grafts should be maximized in patients undergoing off-pump CABG surgery. Diabetes does not affect the patency of grafts CABG. Using angiography, our study proved that diabetes does not affect the patency of grafted vessels after CABG for 5 years.