背景:抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)区域水平的变化可能表明对影响上肢的中风的治疗具有良好反应的潜力。通过在训练期间选择性地改变GABA水平,我们可以诱导长期增强和调节兴奋/抑制平衡(E/I平衡)。然而,这种改变的影响可能受到神经损伤或衰老的限制。有氧运动已被证明可以增加感觉运动皮层中的GABA水平,并通过扩大E/I平衡的动态范围来改善运动学习。横断面项目,急性运动对衰老和慢性中风(EASE)中GABA功能磁共振波谱测量的影响,旨在评估急性有氧运动前后感觉运动皮层中GABA浓度变化的功能相关性。
方法:EASE将招募30名参与者,其中包括健康的年轻成年人(18-35岁;n=10),老年人(60岁以上;n=10),和慢性中风患者(n=10)影响上肢远端功能。我们将使用静息磁共振波谱来测量所有参与者在有氧运动前后休息时的GABA水平。此外,我们将在健康成年人中使用运动技能获取和回忆任务来使用功能磁共振波谱学。我们假设急性有氧运动会增加静息感觉运动GABA浓度,并且较高的GABA静息水平将预测在磁铁内部和外部采取的措施中更好的运动学习表现。我们还假设,在健康成年人中基于任务的光谱学过程中,GABA的更高动态范围将预测更好的运动技能获取和回忆。
结论:EASE项目将评估急性运动对GABA水平的影响,作为两个人群(老年成年人和慢性中风患者)上肢运动技能学习的生物标志物。我们预测急性运动,更高的感觉运动GABA水平,和更广泛的动态范围将与更好的运动技能获得有关。
BACKGROUND: Changes in regional levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may indicate the potential for favorable responses to the treatment of stroke affecting the upper extremity. By selectively altering GABA levels during training, we may induce long-term potentiation and adjust excitatory/inhibitory balance (E/I balance). However, the impact of this alteration may be limited by neural damage or aging. Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase GABA levels in the sensorimotor cortex and improve motor learning by widening the dynamic range of E/I balance. The cross-sectional project, Effects of Acute Exercise on Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measures of GABA in Aging and Chronic Stroke (EASE), is designed to assess the functional relevance of changes in GABA concentration within the sensorimotor cortex before and after an acute aerobic exercise session.
METHODS: EASE will enroll 30 participants comprised of healthy younger adults (18-35 years; n = 10), older adults (60+ years; n = 10), and persons with chronic stroke (n = 10) affecting distal upper extremity function. We will use resting magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure all participants\' GABA levels at rest before and after aerobic exercise. In addition, we will employ functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy using motor skill acquisition and recall tasks in healthy adults. We hypothesize that acute aerobic exercise will increase resting sensorimotor GABA concentration and that higher GABA resting levels will predict better motor learning performance on measures taken both inside and outside the magnet. We also hypothesize that a higher dynamic range of GABA during task-based spectroscopy in healthy adults will predict better motor skill acquisition and recall.
CONCLUSIONS: The EASE project will evaluate the effect of acute exercise on GABA levels as a biomarker of upper extremity motor skill learning with two populations (aging adults and those with chronic stroke). We predict that acute exercise, higher sensorimotor GABA levels, and broader dynamic range will be related to better motor skill acquisition.