■吸毒者是HIV感染的高危人群,也是重要的HIV携带者。鉴于新药的出现,我们探索了当前的吸毒行为,HIV感染,以及2014-2021年吸毒者吸毒行为与HIV感染风险的相关性。
■我们旨在确定吸毒者中HIV感染风险的患病率,并根据更新的数据探索吸毒行为,这可以为吸毒者中艾滋病毒预防策略的精确性提供证据。
■数据来自杭州市康复中心和社区吸毒人员哨点监测(2014-2021年),包括社会人口特征,艾滋病毒意识,吸毒,危险的性行为,和艾滋病毒感染状况。采用多因素logistic回归分析吸毒人群HIV感染和危险性行为的影响因素。
■总共,包括5623名吸毒者(男性:n=4734,84.19%;年龄:平均38.38,SD9.94岁)。新药在参与者中占主导地位(n=3674,65.34%)。主要用药方式为非注射用药(n=4756,84.58%)。总的来说,调查前最后一个月注射的药物占27.45%(n=1544),平均每日注射频率为3.10(SD8.24)。同时,3.43%的参与者共用针头。吸毒后性行为的发生率为33.13%(n=1863),35.75%(n=666)的人在最后一次使用避孕套。总的来说,116名参与者的HIV抗体检测呈阳性(感染率=2.06%)。新吸毒者比传统吸毒者表现出更多的使用后性行为(比值比[OR]7.771,95%CI6.126-9.856;P<.001)。了解艾滋病毒的吸毒者更有可能从事危险的性行为(OR1.624,95%CI1.152-2.291;P=.006)。新型吸毒者更有可能从事无保护的性行为(OR1.457,95%CI1.055-2.011;P=.02)。矛盾的是,HIV意识较高的吸毒者更容易发生无保护的性行为(OR5.820,95%CI4.650-7.284;P<.001).女性从事无保护性行为的人数少于男性(OR0.356,95%CI0.190-0.665;P=.001)。注射吸毒者的艾滋病毒感染率较高(OR2.692,95%CI0.995-7.287;P=.04),在最近性交期间使用安全套的吸毒者中,艾滋病毒感染率低于未使用安全套的吸毒者(OR0.202,95%CI0.076-0.537;P=.001)。较高的教育水平与较高的HIV感染率相关。然而,HIV认知水平与HIV感染之间无显著相关性。
■新药类型和不注射是过去7年的主要模式。使用新型药物,而不是传统药物,与HIV感染风险增加有关。注射药物使用是HIV感染的危险因素。吸毒者对艾滋病毒的认识很高,但是危险性行为的发生率仍然很高。因此,促进高危人群从认知到态度的行为转变,然后采取保护措施。
UNASSIGNED: Drug users are a high-risk group for HIV infection and are prominent HIV carriers. Given the emergence of new drugs, we explored current drug-using behaviors, HIV infections, and the correlation between drug-using behaviors and HIV infection risk among drug users from 2014 to 2021.
UNASSIGNED: We aimed to identify the prevalence of HIV infection risk among drug users and explore drug use behaviors based on the updated data, which could provide evidence for the precision of HIV prevention strategies among drug users.
UNASSIGNED: Data were collected from sentinel surveillance of drug users in rehabilitation centers and communities in Hangzhou (2014-2021), including sociodemographic characteristics, HIV awareness, drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and HIV infection status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing HIV infection and risky sexual behaviors among drug users.
UNASSIGNED: In total, 5623 drug users (male: n=4734, 84.19%; age: mean 38.38, SD 9.94 years) were included. New drugs dominated among the participants (n=3674, 65.34%). The main mode of drug use was noninjection (n=4756, 84.58%). Overall, for 27.45% (n=1544) of injected drugs in the last month before the investigation, the average daily injection frequency was 3.10 (SD 8.24). Meanwhile, 3.43% of participants shared needles. The incidence of sexual behaviors after drug use was 33.13% (n=1863), with 35.75% (n=666) of them using a condom in the last time. Overall, 116 participants tested positive for HIV antibodies (infection rate=2.06%). New drug users exhibited more postuse sexual behaviors than traditional drug users (odds ratio [OR] 7.771, 95% CI 6.126-9.856; P<.001). HIV-aware drug users were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors (OR 1.624, 95% CI 1.152-2.291; P=.006). New-type drug users were more likely to engage in unprotected sexual behavior (OR 1.457, 95% CI 1.055-2.011; P=.02). Paradoxically, drug users with greater HIV awareness were more prone to engaging in unprotected sexual behavior (OR 5.820, 95% CI 4.650-7.284; P<.001). Women engaged less in unprotected sex than men (OR 0.356, 95% CI 0.190-0.665; P=.001). HIV rates were higher among injecting drug users (OR 2.692, 95% CI 0.995-7.287; P=.04) and lower among drug users who used condoms during recent sex than those who did not (OR 0.202, 95% CI 0.076-0.537; P=.001). Higher education levels were associated with higher HIV infection rates. However, there was no significant correlation between HIV cognition level and HIV infection.
UNASSIGNED: New drug types and noninjection were the main patterns in last 7 years. Using new types of drugs, rather than traditional drugs, was associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. Injection drug use was a risk factor for HIV infection. HIV awareness among drug users was high, but the incidence of risky sexual behaviors remained high. Therefore, it is important to promote the behavioral transformation of high-risk populations from cognition to attitude, and then to taking protective measures.