目的:本研究旨在调查伊朗心理障碍与危险驾驶行为(RDB)之间的可能关联。
方法:这项病例对照研究于2021年在设拉子市的驾驶员中进行。病例组包括有心理障碍的驾驶员,对照组从正常病例中选择。选择患者的纳入标准为:研究时主动驾驶,18-65岁,有驾驶执照,患有包括抑郁症在内的心理障碍,双相情感障碍,焦虑谱系障碍,和精神病医生证实的精神障碍谱,并填写知情同意书。排除标准是存在干扰回答和理解问题的条件。选择健康病例的纳入标准为:研究时主动驾驶,18-65岁,有驾驶执照,没有任何过去或现在的精神病史,并填写知情同意书。数据是使用研究人员制作的检查表和曼彻斯特驾驶行为问卷收集的。首先,使用medoids周围的分区方法来提取RDB的簇。然后,应用反向逻辑回归研究自变量与RDB聚类之间的关联.
结果:这项研究包括344名(153名心理障碍患者和191名无心理障碍患者)驾驶员。总数据的反向消除逻辑回归显示,医疗支出占家庭总支出的比例≤10%(OR=3.27,95%CI:1.48-7.24),心理障碍(OR=3.08,95%CI:1.67-5.70),药物滥用类别(OR=6.38,95%CI:3.55-11.48)与高水平的RDB相关。
结论:物质滥用,心理疾病,发现家庭总支出中的医疗费用份额是RDB的主要预测因素。有必要进一步调查以解释不同心理疾病对驾驶行为的影响。
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the possible association between psychological disorders and risky driving behavior (RDB) in Iran.
METHODS: This
case-control study conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2021. The
case group included drivers with psychological disorders and the control group included those without any disorders. The inclusion criteria for selecting patients were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, having a psychological disorder including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety spectrum disorder, or psychotic disorder spectrum confirmed by a psychiatrist, and completing an informed consent form. The exclusion criterion was the existence of conditions that interfered with answering and understanding the questions. The inclusion criteria for selecting the healthy cases were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, lack of any past or present history of psychiatric problems, and completing an informed consent form. The data were gathered using a researcher-made checklist and Manchester driving behavior questionnaire. First, partition around medoids method was used to extract clusters of RDB. Then, backward logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between the independent variables and the clusters of RDB.
RESULTS: The sample comprised of 344 (153 with psychological disorder and 191 without confirmed psychological disorder) drivers. Backward elimination logistic regression on total data revealed that share of medical expenditure ≤ 10% of total household expenditure (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.48 - 7.24), psychological disorder (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.67 - 5.70), and substance abuse class (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 3.55 - 11.48) were associated with high level of RDB.
CONCLUSIONS: Substance abuse, psychological illnesses, and share of medical costs from total household expenditure were found to be main predictors of RDB. Further investigations are necessary to explain the impact of different psychological illnesses on driving behavior.