UNASSIGNED: This study aims to examine the frequency of Salmonella Paratyphi found in blood cultures and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates to different antibiotics. Additionally, the study aims to assess the paradigm shift in the trend of enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) to Salmonella Paratyphi(S. Paratyphi) .
UNASSIGNED: Retrospective study.
UNASSIGNED: The study enrolled patients aged 12 years and above diagnosed with enteric fever (positive blood culture) and admitted to Peelamedu Samanaidu Govindasamy Naidu (PSG) Hospital.
UNASSIGNED: The study analyzed demographic and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolates collected from 106 enteric fever patients in the hospital between 2010 and 2022. The susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolates to multiple antibiotics were assessed.
UNASSIGNED: There were 106 participants, and 95 (89.62%) of them had enteric fever linked to Salmonella Typhi, while only 11 (10.38%) had enteric fever linked to Salmonella Paratyphi A. From 2010 to 2022, the study discovered a general decline in the prevalence of enteric fever caused by Salmonella species. But between 2014 and 2022, the incidence of enteric fever linked to S. Typhi rapidly increased. Azithromycin (100% , n = 106) and ceftriaxone (99% , n = 105) were highly effective against the Salmonella isolates, whereas nalidixic acid was resisted by 3 isolates (4.72%, n = 3).
UNASSIGNED: The study observed a higher incidence of Salmonella Typhi in comparison to Paratyphi A and a greater susceptibility of males to enteric fever.
UNASSIGNED: None declared.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic surgery is associated with a significant risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). This investigation evaluated the impact of intraoperative volume administration, vasopressor therapy, and blood pressure management on the primary outcome of AKI and the secondary outcome of a CR-POPF after pancreatic surgery.
METHODS: This retrospective single-center cohort investigated 200 consecutive pancreatic surgeries (January 2018-December 2021). Patients were categorized for the presence/absence of AKI (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) and CR-POPF. After univariate analysis, multivariable models were constructed to control for the univariate cofactor differences in the primary and secondary outcomes.
RESULTS: AKI was identified in 20 patients (10%) with significant univariate differences in demographics (body mass index and gender), comorbidities, indices of chronic renal insufficiency, and an increased AKI Risk score. Surgical characteristics, intraoperative fluid, vasopressor, and blood pressure management were similar in patients with and without AKI. Patients with AKI had increased blood loss, lower urine output, and packed red blood cell administration. After multivariate analysis, male gender (OR = 7.9, 95% C.I. 1.8-35.1) and the AKI Risk score (OR = 6.3, 95% C.I. 2.4-16.4) were associated with the development of AKI (p < 0.001). Intraoperative and postoperative volume, vasopressor administration, and intraoperative hypotension had no significant impact in the multivariate analysis. CR-POPF occurred in 23 patients (11.9%) with no significant contributing factors in the multivariate analysis. Patients who developed AKI or a CR-POPF had an increase in surgical complications, length of stay, discharge to a skilled nursing facility, and mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, intraoperative volume administration, vasopressor therapy, and a blood pressure < 55 mmHg for more than 10 min were not associated with an increased risk of AKI. After multivariate analysis, male gender and an elevated AKI Risk score were associated with an increased likelihood of AKI.

OBJECTIVE: Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignancy with considerable heterogeneity seen in its aetiology, anatomical location, and clinicopathological behaviour. Diagnosis is often delayed and prognosis poor. The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective review of all cases of AS over 10 years at a high-volume regional UK referral centre.
METHODS: We reviewed all cases of AS discussed at the sarcoma multidisciplinary meetings of University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust from September 2013 to August 2023. Demographic and clinicopathologic features at diagnosis, approaches to treatment, and outcomes were compared between four AS subtypes.
RESULTS: A total of 130 cases were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 71 years, with the majority being female (78%). The most common AS subtype was radiation-induced AS (RIAS) (n = 72; 55%), followed by primary cutaneous (n = 28; 22%), primary non-cutaneous (n = 25; 19%), and AS secondary to lymphoedema (n = 5; 4%). Metastases were present at diagnosis in 18% of patients. Treatment was with surgery in the majority of patients (71%). The median survival for the cohort was 30 months (95% CI 20-40), although this differed significantly by AS subtype (p < 0.001), ranging from 5 months in primary non-cutaneous AS to 76 months in RIAS.
CONCLUSIONS: RIAS is the most common AS subtype, with surgery the only potentially curative treatment modality. Overall prognosis varies significantly by subtype. An international consensus on classification of AS subtypes is required to allow meaningful comparisons across studies and/or a prospective multi-centre registry.

Background: The commercial availability of anamorelin, Japan\'s first therapeutic agent for cancer cachexia in 2021, led to an investigation into its prescription patterns at Toyama University Hospital. Objective: We aimed to analyze anamorelin prescription trends and outcomes among cancer cachexia patients. Methods: A retrospective study from July 2021 to December 2022 examined 88 cases, assessing demographics, cancer types, prescription locations, and meal intake changes. Results: Anamorelin usage was predominant during chemotherapy, especially for pancreatic cancer in outpatient settings. Approximately 30% experienced increased meal intake. Chemotherapy-initiated cases had a longer median duration (55 days) compared with best supportive care only cases (12 days). Conclusion: Anamorelin demonstrated significant prescription patterns, particularly during chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer in outpatient settings, suggesting potential efficacy enhancements when administered with chemotherapy in cancer cachexia management. The study underscores the importance of tailored approaches to optimize anamorelin\'s therapeutic benefits.

UNASSIGNED: Gallstone disease (GSD) is one of the common digestive tract diseases with a high worldwide prevalence. The effects of GSD on patients include but are not limited to the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and biliary colic directly caused by GSD. In addition, there is mounting evidence from cohort studies connecting GSD to other conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, biliary tract cancer, and colorectal cancer. Early identification of patients at a high risk of GSD may help improve the prevention and control of the disease. A series of studies have attempted to establish prediction models for GSD, but these models could not be fully applied in the general population due to incomplete prediction factors, small sample sizes, and limitations in external validation. It is crucial to design a universally applicable GSD risk prediction model for the general population and to take individualized intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of GSD. This study aims to conduct a multicenter investigation involving more than 90000 people to construct and validate a complete and simplified GSD risk prediction model.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 123634 participants were included in the study between January 2015 and December 2020, of whom 43929 were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China), 11907 were from the First People\'s Hospital of Jining City (Shandong, China), 1538 were from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (Tianjin, China), and 66260 were from the People\'s Hospital of Kaizhou District (Chongqing, China). After excluding patients with incomplete clinical medical data, 35976 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were divided into a training data set (n=28781, 80%) and a validation data set (n=7195, 20%). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relevant risk factors of GSD, and a complete risk prediction model was constructed. Factors with high scores, mainly according to the nomograms of the complete model, were retained to simplify the model. In the validation data set, the diagnostic accuracy and clinical performance of these models were validated using the calibration curve, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of these two models was validated in three other hospitals. Finally, we established an online website for using the prediction model (The complete model is accessible at https://wenqianyu.shinyapps.io/Completemodel/, while the simplified model is accessible at https://wenqianyu.shinyapps.io/Simplified/).
UNASSIGNED: After excluding patients with incomplete clinical medical data, a total of 96426 participants were finally included in this study (35876 from the First Affiliated Hospital of the Chongqing Medical University, 9289 from the First People\'s Hospital of Jining City, 1522 from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute, and 49639 from the People\'s Hospital of Kaizhou District). Female sex, advanced age, higher body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and fatty liver disease were positively associated with risks for GSD. Furthermore, gallbladder polyps, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase were negatively correlated to risks for GSD. According to the nomograms of the complete model, a simplified model including sex, age, body mass index, gallbladder polyps, and fatty liver disease was constructed. All the calibration curves exhibited good consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities. In addition, DCA indicated that both the complete model and the simplified model showed better net benefits than treat-all and treat-none. Based on the calibration plots, DCA, and AUCs of the complete model (AUC in the internal validation data set=74.1% [95% CI: 72.9%-75.3%], AUC in Shandong=71.7% [95% CI: 70.6%-72.8%], AUC in Tianjin=75.3% [95% CI: 72.7%-77.9%], and AUC in Kaizhou=72.9% [95% CI: 72.5%-73.3%]) and the simplified model (AUC in the internal validation data set=73.7% [95% CI: 72.5%-75.0%], AUC in Shandong=71.5% [95% CI: 70.4%-72.5%], AUC in Tianjin=75.4% [95% CI: 72.9%-78.0%], and AUC in Kaizhou=72.4% [95% CI: 72.0%-72.8%]), we concluded that the complete and simplified risk prediction models for GSD exhibited excellent performance. Moreover, we detected no significant differences between the performance of the two models (P>0.05). We also established two online websites based on the results of this study for GSD risk prediction.
UNASSIGNED: This study innovatively used the data from 96426 patients from four hospitals to establish a GSD risk prediction model and to perform risk prediction analyses of internal and external validation data sets in four cohorts. A simplified model of GSD risk prediction, which included the variables of sex, age, body mass index, gallbladder polyps, and fatty liver disease, also exhibited good discrimination and clinical performance. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to explore the role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase in gallstone formation. Although the validation results of the complete model were better than those of the simplified model to a certain extent, the difference was not significant even in large samples. Compared with the complete model, the simplified model uses fewer variables and yields similar prediction and clinical impact. Hence, we recommend the application of the simplified model to improve the efficiency of screening high-risk groups in practice. The use of the simplified model is conducive to enhancing the self-awareness of prevention and control in the general population and early intervention for GSD.

BACKGROUND: Trying to better define Bipolar Disorder (BD) progression, different staging models have been conceptualized, each one emphasizing different aspects of illness. In a previous article we retrospectively applied the main staging models to a sample of 100 bipolar patients at four time points over a ten-year observation. In the present study, focusing on Kupka & Hillegers\'s model, we aimed to assess the transition of the same sample through the different stages of illness and to explore the potential role of clinical variables on the risk of progression.
METHODS: Multistate Model using the mstate package in R and Markov model with stratified hazards were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: A high hazard of transition from stage 2 to 3 emerged, with a probability of staying in stage 2 decreasing to 14 % after 3 years. BD II and depressive predominant polarity were significantly associated with transition from stage 1 to 2, whereas the number of lifetime episodes >3 and the elevated predominant polarity with transition from stage 3 to 4.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results corroborated the evidence on BD progression and contributed to outline its trajectory over time. Further effort may help to define a standardized staging approach towards ever increasing tailored interventions.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to share our experience in treating patients with LMs over a span of 14 years, evaluating its efficacy and safety, particularly with the use of ethanol as sclerosant of choice.
METHODS: A retrospective review of pediatric patients diagnosed and later treated for LMs between 2008 and 2022 was conducted. We collected patient demographics, LM characteristics, treatment strategies and outcomes, including response to treatment and complications.
RESULTS: The cohort included 36 patients (24 males), first presenting clinically at a median age of 5 months (range 0-12 years). LMs were macrocystic (17), microcystic (3), and mixed types (16). In most patients (22) the malformation involved the cervicofacial area. Twenty-five patients underwent 54 procedures, averaging 2 procedures per patient (range 1-13). Sclerotherapy resulted in 90% of patients exhibiting some response of the LM (p=0.005). Ethanol was used in most procedures (31) and proved most efficacious, facilitating partial or complete response of the malformations in all cases compared to 72% with other sclerosants (p=0.06). Sclerotherapy exhibited low complication rates among all sclerosants used (7%, p=0.74).
CONCLUSIONS: Sclerotherapy is a safe and effective intervention for pediatric LMs. Ethanol demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to other sclerosants, highlighting its potential as a preferred treatment option. This study supports the tailored use of sclerotherapy, guided by a thorough understanding of the risks and benefits, to provide optimized care for patients with LMs.

BACKGROUND: Reliable assessment of fluid responsiveness with pulse pressure variation (PPV) depends on certain ventilation-related preconditions; however, some of these requirements are in contrast with recommendations for protective ventilation.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of PPV in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery by retrospectively analyzing intraoperative ventilation data.
METHODS: Intraoperative ventilation data from three large medical centers in Germany and Switzerland from January to December 2018 were extracted from electronic patient records and pseudonymized; 10,334 complete data sets were analyzed with respect to the ventilation parameters set as well as demographic and medical data.
RESULTS: In 6.3% of the 3398 included anesthesia records, patients were ventilated with mean tidal volumes (mTV) > 8 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW). These would qualify for PPV-based hemodynamic assessment, but the majority were ventilated with lower mTVs. In patients who underwent abdominal surgery (75.5% of analyzed cases), mTVs > 8 ml/kg PBW were used in 5.5% of cases, which did not differ between laparoscopic (44.9%) and open (55.1%) approaches. Other obstacles to the use of PPV, such as elevated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or increased respiratory rate, were also identified. Of all the cases 6.0% were ventilated with a mTV of > 8 ml/kg PBW and a PEEP of 5-10 cmH2O and 0.3% were ventilated with a mTV > 8 ml/kg PBW and a PEEP of > 10 cmH2O.
CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that only few patients meet the currently defined TV (of > 8 ml/kg PBW) for assessment of fluid responsiveness using PPV during surgery.
UNASSIGNED: HINTERGRUND: Eine zuverlässige Beurteilung der intraoperativen Flüssigkeitsreagibilität unter Verwendung der Pulsdruckvariation (PPV) hängt von bestimmten beatmungsbezogenen Voraussetzungen ab. Diese stehen häufig im Widerspruch zu den Empfehlungen einer lungenprotektiven Beatmung.
UNASSIGNED: Ziel dieser Studie war die retrospektive Analyse medizinischer und intraoperativer Beatmungsdaten im Hinblick auf die Anwendbarkeit der PPV bei Patienten während nicht-kardiochirurgischer Operationen.
METHODS: Retrospektive Daten von 10.334 Patienten aus dem Zeitraum von Januar bis Dezember 2018 aus drei großen medizinischen Zentren in Deutschland und der Schweiz wurden anhand elektronischer Patientenakten pseudonymisiert analysiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte hinsichtlich verschiedener Beatmungsparameter, demografischer und medizinischer Daten.
UNASSIGNED: Von den 3398 eingeschlossenen Anästhesiedatensätzen wurden die Patienten in 6,3 % der Fälle mit einem mittleren Tidalvolumen (mTV) > 8 ml/kg idealem Körpergewicht (IKG) beatmet. Diese würden sich für ein PPV-basiertes Flüssigkeitsmanagement qualifizieren, aber die Mehrheit der Patienten wurde mit niedrigeren mTV beatmet. Bei Patienten, die sich einer abdominellen Operation unterzogen (75,5 % der analysierten Fälle), wurde bei 5,5 % der Patienten ein mTV > 8 ml/kg IKG verwendet, wobei es keinen Unterschied zwischen laparoskopischem (44,9 %) und offenem (55,1 %) Zugangsweg gab. Auch andere Bedingungen für die Verwendung von PPV, beispielsweise der positive end-exspiratorische Druck (PEEP), die Atemfrequenz oder der Herzrhythmus wurden untersucht. 6,0 % aller analysierten Fälle wurden mit einem mTV > 8 ml/kg IKG und einem PEEP von 5–10 cmH2O beatmet und 0,3 % mit einem mTV > 8 ml/kg IKG und einem PEEP > 10 cmH2O.
CONCLUSIONS: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass nur wenige Patienten die derzeit erforderlichen Beatmungsparameter erfüllen, um intraoperativ PPV zur Beurteilung der Flüssigkeitsreagibilität anzuwenden. Die Limitationen der Anwendung von PPV sollten im klinischen Alltag Berücksichtigung finden. Eine vorsichtige Interpretation, insbesondere in Bezug auf etablierte Schwellenwerte, kann dazu beitragen, die Genauigkeit und Effizienz von PPV-gesteuerten intraoperativen Flüssigkeitstherapien zu verbessern.

BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been implemented to prevent malaria in Zambia for several decades, but its effectiveness has not been evaluated long term and in Vubwi District yet. This study aimed to assess the association between IRS and the malaria burden in Zambia and Vubwi District and to explore the factors associated with refusing IRS.
METHODS: A retrospective study was used to analyze the association between IRS and malaria incidence in Zambia in 2001-2020 and in Vubwi District in 2014-2020 by Spearman correlation analysis. A case-control study was used to explore the factors associated with IRS refusals by households in Vubwi District in 2021. A logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with IRS refusals.
RESULTS: The malaria incidence reached its peak (391/1000) in 2001 and dropped to the lowest (154/1000) in 2019. The annual percentage change in 2001-2003, 2003-2008, 2008-2014, 2014-2018 and 2018-2020 was - 6.54%, - 13.24%, 5.04%, - 10.28% and 18.61%, respectively. A significantly negative correlation between the percentage of population protected by the IRS against the total population in Zambia (coverage) and the average malaria incidence in the whole population was observed in 2005-2020 (r = - 0.685, P = 0.003) and 2005-2019 (r = - 0.818, P < 0.001). Among 264 participants (59 in the refuser group and 205 in the acceptor group), participants with specific occupations (self-employed: OR 0.089, 95% CI 0.022-0.364; gold panning: OR 0.113, 95% CI 0.022-0.574; housewives: OR 0.129, 95% CI 0.026-0.628 and farmers: OR 0.135, 95% CI 0.030-0.608 compared to employees) and no malaria case among household members (OR 0.167; 95% CI 0.071-0.394) had a lower risk of refusing IRS implementation, while those with a secondary education level (OR 3.690, 95% CI 1.245-10.989) had a higher risk of refusing IRS implementation compared to those who had never been to school.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing coverage with IRS was associated with decreasing incidence of malaria in Zambia, though this was not observed in Vubwi District, possibly because of the special geographical location of Vubwi District. Interpersonal communication and targeted health education should be implemented at full scale to ensure household awareness and gain community trust.

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a rare, toxin-mediated, desquamating bacterial infectious dermatosis. So far, data from Southwestern China is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of SSSS patients in our hospital, the relative proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in skin and soft tissue secretions, and the drug sensitivity of S. aureus to better assist dermatologists in the diagnosis and treatment of SSSS. We reviewed the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment regimens, therapeutic efficacy, laboratory test results, drug sensitivity, and outcome data of 79 SSSS patients from January 2012 to December 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using t tests and chi-square tests. Among the 79 SSSS patients, MRSA was detected in 35 (44.3%) isolates: 34 community-acquired (CA)-MRSA (97.1%) and 1 hospital-acquired (HA)-MRSA. The SSSS incidence increased annually from 2012 to 2014 and then decreased gradually after peaking in 2015. All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin; were completely resistant to penicillin; and had low sensitivity to clindamycin and erythromycin. Interestingly, the sensitivity of MRSA to tetracycline increased annually after 2015. The resistance rates to common drugs previously used to treat SSSS increased. These findings may accelerate diagnosis and improve empirical antibiotic use, suggesting that clinicians should prescribe drugs according to antimicrobial susceptibility.