Subfertility, a condition marked by a reduced capacity to conceive naturally, affects a significant proportion of couples globally. Nutrition is a fundamental aspect of reproductive health, with various nutrients essential in maintaining optimal reproductive function. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutritional deficiencies and subfertility. It examines key micronutrients such as vitamins D, E, C, and B12, as well as minerals such as zinc, iron, selenium, and magnesium, and their impacts on fertility. The review also considers macronutrients and the importance of a balanced diet in supporting reproductive health. Drawing on an extensive body of clinical evidence and studies, this review highlights how deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to hormonal imbalances, impaired gametogenesis, and suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. It discusses the efficacy of nutritional interventions, including dietary supplements and lifestyle modifications, in improving fertility. Furthermore, it addresses the emerging research on personalized nutrition and its potential to enhance reproductive outcomes. The review underscores the necessity for healthcare providers to assess and address the nutritional status of patients with subfertility. It provides practical recommendations for developing nutritional plans, counseling patients, and integrating nutritional interventions into fertility treatments. By offering a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence, this review aims to inform clinical practice and promote further research into the role of nutrition in enhancing fertility.

UNASSIGNED: In many Transcaucasian and Middle Eastern populations, research in women\'s sexual and reproductive health remains limited, especially in Armenia despite recent political and cultural changes. This study explores the current state of family planning in Armenia while both highlighting the recent progress and identifying current barriers to reproductive health.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted a mixed-methods study using both a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews with women and key informants in the field of women\'s sexual and reproductive health.
UNASSIGNED: Armenian women are familiar with many types of contraception. The use of modern methods has increased but remains low. Sexual education for women is uncommon and often sought through independent online searches or books. We found no significant access barriers, however, a prevailing distrust in hormonal contraceptive methods left many women to rely on condoms and withdrawal. Although the majority of surveyed women (72%) believed having access to safe abortions was an important right, only 42% would consider having an abortion in the case of an unintended pregnancy. Interviewees highlighted the lack of sexual education, discrepancies in sexual and reproductive services between rural provinces and the urban capital city of Yerevan, as well as the need for information and the government\'s responsibility in this field.
UNASSIGNED: The lack of comprehensive sexual education in Armenia fuels misinformation regarding family planning options. One option we recommend is a government-funded sexual education program which begins as culturally sensitive, sex-positive education in schools and continues with counseling and support for women within the health care system.

Isobutyronitrile finds extensive application in organic synthesis for the production of the insecticide diazinon. Apart from occupational exposure, cigarette smoking may also expose the general population to isobutyronitrile. However, to date, the association between isobutyronitrile and female infertility has not been explored in a population-based study. Hence, we analysed data from 1254 women, aged 18-44, with blood isobutyronitrile results and infertility questionnaires, from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 and NHANES 2017-March 2020. To compare differences, weighted chi-square tests were conducted for categorical variables and weighted regression models were performed for continuous variables. Logistic regression and generalized linear models were applied to examine the associations. Each standard deviation increment (SD=0.026) of isobutyronitrile increased the risk of infertility by 24 % after adjusting for potential confounders in logistic regression model (aOR=1.24; 95 % CI: 1.06-1.46). In women who had been pregnant and gave birth, the results exhibited a consistent linear relationship. The participants were classified into two groups, namely positive and negative, using an isobutyronitrile cut-off value that exceeded 0.040 ng/mL. The positive group did not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation (aOR=1.55; 95 % CI: 0.66-3.65). According to smooth curve fitting, isobutyronitrile and infertility was linearly related across the entire range, and no threshold effect was found. Particularly, non-Hispanic Black women had a significantly stronger association with isobutyronitrile exposure and infertility (aOR=4.27; 95 % CI: 1.32-13.83). In conclusion, our study was the first report of an independent association of isobutyronitrile with infertility, especially in non-Hispanic Black women. Additional fundamental research on nonhuman primates, along with comprehensive clinical studies, are necessary to fully elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying isobutyronitrile activity.

UNASSIGNED: Over the past few decades, there has been growing concern about the concurrent trends of increasing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) prevalence and declining sperm quality. These trends represent significant public health challenges that warrant thorough investigation of their underlying causes and implications.
UNASSIGNED: The primary objectives of this study are to analyze trends in ASD prevalence and sperm quality parameters from 2000 to 2024, assess the statistical significance and effect size of these trends, explore potential correlations between ASD prevalence and sperm quality parameters, and identify significant predictors among sperm quality parameters that influence ASD prevalence.
UNASSIGNED: This study employed a longitudinal approach using multiple regression, time series analysis, ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, logistic regression, and cross-correlation analysis. Data on ASD prevalence were sourced from the CDC Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, while sperm quality data were collected from various published studies.
UNASSIGNED: The findings reveal significant negative associations between ASD prevalence and sperm quality parameters such as sperm concentration and motility, suggesting that better sperm quality is linked to lower ASD rates. Conversely, parameters like sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), volume of ejaculate, pH level, and semen viscosity show positive associations with ASD prevalence, indicating higher values in these parameters correlate with higher ASD rates.
UNASSIGNED: The study highlights the importance of maintaining reproductive health to potentially mitigate ASD risk and calls for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these trends. These findings support the hypothesis that reproductive health factors play a crucial role in ASD etiology and suggest potential biological markers for assessing ASD risk.

UNASSIGNED: Since August 2017, around 940 000 forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals (FDMN), mostly women and children, have fled persecution in Myanmar and arrived in the refugee camps across the border in Cox\'s Bazar, Bangladesh. This large-scale humanitarian crisis created an urgency for sexual and reproductive healthcare-related services among many of the sexually assaulted FDMN women and girls. Ipas, an international non-governmental organisation (NGO) that has been working on expanding access to safe menstrual regulation, post-abortion care, and family planning services in Bangladesh since 2011, initiated an emergency humanitarian response programme in the refugee camps in Cox\'s Bazar in 2017 for the victim FDMN women and girls who were in desperate need of care. To understand the implementation process and the scope of sustainability and scale-up of Ipas\'s programme in the current humanitarian settings, icddr,b, a Bangladesh-based international health research institution, conducted an evaluation study.
UNASSIGNED: Due to the emergency crisis situation, Ipas could not collect baseline data while initiating its humanitarian response programme in 2017. Only a post-evaluation was carried out by icddr,b from August to December 2022 based on a desk review, health facility observation and assessment, qualitative interviews, and a stakeholder consultation workshop.
UNASSIGNED: In collaboration with relevant stakeholders from the Government of Bangladesh and local and international NGOs, Ipas performed structural renovation and logistical arrangements to ensure facility readiness within the camps. Until December 2022, it provided comprehensive training on menstrual regulation, post-abortion care, and family planning services to around 700 service providers from partner organisations and expanded its activities from 8 to 51 service delivery points in 23 camps. Overall, 42 213 FDMN women received menstrual regulation and post-abortion care, while 339 334 received family planning services from these facilities, with a growing trend over time.
UNASSIGNED: Despite the challenges and barriers inherent to a humanitarian setting, Ipas\'s programme activities have achieved significant progress in providing menstrual regulation, post-abortion care, family planning services, and trauma/survival-centred care to the FDMN women and girls. A flexible approach, stakeholder coordination and commitment, cohesive methods for health systems strengthening, and community engagement were instrumental to the success of Ipas\'s humanitarian response programme.

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Neuroscientific evidence documenting continued neural development throughout adolescence has been leveraged in advocacy for more lenient treatment of adolescents in the criminal justice system. In recent years, developmental science, including neuroscience, has progressed and enabled more nuanced interpretations of what continuing neural development in adolescence likely means functionally for adolescents\' capabilities. However, oversimplified interpretations equating continuing neural development to overall \"immaturity\" are frequently used to make the case that adolescents should have fewer legal rights to make decisions on their own behalf, including regarding reproductive and voting rights. Here we address ongoing debates about adolescents\' autonomy rights and whether such rights should be expanded or restricted. We review extant neuroscientific and developmental research that can inform these debates. We call for: (1) a more nuanced application of developmental neuroscience to specific rights issues in specific contexts; (2) additional research designed to inform our understanding of the developmental benefits or harms of rights-based policies on young people over time; and (3) the grounding of developmental neuroscientific research on adolescents within a human rights framework. We offer suggestions to developmental and neuroscience scholars on how to discuss the science of adolescent development with those seeking guidance in their design of law and policy.

UNASSIGNED: Given the complex nature of preterm birth, interventions to reduce rates of preterm birth should be multifaceted. This analysis aimed to explore the association between the duration of using Maven, a digital health platform for women\'s and family health, and the odds of preterm birth.
UNASSIGNED: Data came from 3326 pregnant, nulliparous Maven users who enrolled in Maven during their pregnancy between January 2020 and September 2022. Chi-square and Fisher\'s exact tests compared characteristics between users who developed gestational conditions and users who did not. This retrospective cohort study used logistic regression models to estimate the association between the duration of Maven use and odds of preterm birth, stratified by the presence of gestational conditions.
UNASSIGNED: Compared to those without gestational conditions, individuals who developed gestational conditions were more likely to have a preterm birth (8.7% vs. 3.4%; p < 0.001). For every 1 h of Maven use, users experienced a 2% reduction in their odds of experiencing a preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.98 (0.95, 0.998), p = 0.04]. Among individuals who developed gestational conditions, every 1 h increase in Maven use was associated with a 5% reduction in the odds of experiencing a preterm birth [AOR (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.91, 0.99), p = 0.037]. There was no statistically significant association between Maven use and preterm birth in individuals without gestational conditions.
UNASSIGNED: Among those who developed gestational conditions, use of a digital health platform was associated with a decreased likelihood of preterm birth.

Increasing number of women with kidney transplants are of reproductive age and desire successful pregnancies. Successful outcomes of pregnancy can be achieved with preconception counseling, education about contraception use, the timing of pregnancy (delaying by first year post-transplant), and the choice of immunosuppression medication. Ensuring stable renal function including optimized creatinine, proteinuria, and blood pressure increases successful outcomes. Pregnancy with kidney transplant has an increased risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes militeus, cesarean section, and preterm delivery. Multidisciplinary cooperation with high-risk obstetrics and transplant nephrologists is vital.

Introduction Obesity affects over 650 million globally, with rising rates posing significant public health challenges, especially among Saudi Arabian women. Obesity correlates with menstrual irregularities and reproductive health issues such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Bariatric surgery (BS), particularly laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), is increasingly used due to its safety and effectiveness in treating obesity-related conditions. This study explores LSG\'s impact on menstrual cycles and fertility in Saudi women, aiming to optimize patient care and understand surgical effects on hormonal dynamics and reproductive health. Methodology It is a cross-sectional design among Saudi women post-sleeve gastrectomy from December 2023 to May 2024. Variables included age, marital status, and region, with primary outcomes focusing on menstrual cycle changes post surgery. Results Our study includes 387 participants, and demographic characteristics showed a significant proportion aged 26-35 years (n=147, 38.0%) and 36-45 years (n=119, 30.7%), with the majority being married (n=230, 59.4%). Regional distribution highlighted the south as the most represented (n=139, 35.9%), followed by the central (n=74, 19.1%). About 30.2% (n=117) reported chronic conditions. Post surgery, 70.5% (n=273) experienced menstrual changes, with regular cycles being the most common (n=102, 26.3%). Logistic regression indicated younger age as a protective factor against menstrual changes (p=0.028), while pre-surgery menstrual irregularities significantly predicted post-surgery changes (p=0.002). Regional analysis showed no significant association between geographic location and post-surgery menstrual changes (p=0.140). Overall, quality of life post-surgery was rated highly by participants, with 70.8% (n=274) giving ratings of 4 or 5. Conclusion Our study highlights a high prevalence of post-sleeve gastrectomy menstrual changes, predominantly regular cycles. Younger age appears protective, while pre-existing menstrual irregularities strongly predict postoperative changes. Regional differences did not significantly influence outcomes. Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with their quality of life post surgery.